550 
HYPOLIMNAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
in the Sultanate of Deli in very great numbers, whereas in the following year not one specimen was to be seen. 
Beside the 22 having the upperside marked with white, we find also such that have on the forewings a blue 
transverse band, analogous to avia Btlr., figured by Distant (pi. 15, fig. 12, Rhopalocera Malayana), and still 
others which are hardly to be distinguished from jacintha. In Nias and Pulo-Tello of the Batu Islands, we find 
the typical form of bolina, the Co belonging either to liria or to svbviolacea Fruhst. (dry-season); $ exactly resem¬ 
bles jacintha Drury. 
bolina Groupe p. 
In Engano we begin to meet with the Malayan type, characterized by the absence of white spots on the 
enganica. upper surface of the <$<3. — In enganica. Fruhst. (11S cl) we curiously do not find either the $-fa. proserpina Cr. (119a) 
so common in the Suncla Islands, especially Java, or the 2-fa. jacintha Drury (119b) from Nias; but the 2$ are 
for the most part spotted with dark brown, approaching melita Cr. and alcmene Cr. (119 b), and the very rare 
perimele Cr. is likewise represented. Side by side with these we find 22 approximating to the Sumatran incom- 
moda Btlr., and still more frequently others which are quite black, such as I have described from 
Java under the name of euryantheFruhst. (118d). This predominancy of the dusky brown colouring was observ¬ 
ed also by Doherty, who states that the Engano-22 resemble when flying Danais pietersi (which is like¬ 
wise dark brown). — The 2-fa. iphigenia Cr. (118 a) which has, like proserpina, both wings profusely marked 
with white, does not occur in Engano either; but the greater number of the 22 have on the forewing a blue 
or violet transverse band ( perimele Cr.), and on the hindwing the colouring of melita or alcmene (resemblance 
to aphrodite Fruhst. from Java). Characteristic of Engano are, moreover, 2$ of very large size with red-brown 
chrysoni- anal angle and reddish brown submarginal area on the hindwing, f. chrysonicans form. nov. The CC are through- 
cans - out very dark, occasionally lacking the white pupils in the ocelli on the hindwings ( charybdis Btlr.). The form 
auge Cr., so common in Java, seems to be very scarce in Engano, for 9 To of all Co are without any white bands 
listeri. on the underside of the hindwings. Engano, April-July, 60 CC 100 ?$ in my coll. •—- lister! Btlr. is a 
antiopa. small form from Christmas Island. —- antiopa 21 uell. is the oldest name given to the form from Java (1774), 
whose wonderful variability has ever since Cramer’s time called forth great admiration and interest. It con¬ 
trasts greatly with the mainland form bolina ; for the first, there are no such small-sized Co as are found 
in India, and in western Java the Co are, probably on account of the absence of sharply-defined seasons, 
not so much subject to variation as hi the Himalayas. The under surface is invariably darker and richer red- 
brown than in bolina- CC- Wallace noticed first the lack of the white submarginal punctate rows on the upper 
surface. CC belonging to the fa. subviolacea or ornamentalis Fruhst. are not represented in my collection. 
The type which, analogous to liria F., is above richly marked with white, having the hindwing traversed by a 
auge. broad white median zone, is described as auge Cr. Also CC conforming to charybdis Btlr. (118 c) are frequent. 
The 2$ differ among themselves in size almost still more than the Indian bolina -$$, but rarely resemble 
perimele. jacintha Drury, (I saw during 3 years but one imperfect specimen); also the very dark perimele Cr., which is 
above black with but 4 blue spots on the forewings and some large, white, submarginal dots, but without any 
other markings, is exceedingly scarce. Cramer’s type came from Batavia, and I possess one $ from Sumbawa 
euryanthe. corresponding to the figure published in 1779. — euryanthe Fruhst. (llSd) is another, very scarce dark form, above 
deep brown-black, with the usual white subapical spots and submarginal dots on the fore wings. Only two $$ 
from eastern Java in my collection. Then there are transitions to the more common yellow forms with dark 
melita. fulvous subanal patches on the forewing, and occasionally also on the hinclwing (= melita Cr.). — -alcmene Cr. 
alcmene. (ngb) i s a variety of somewhat more intense fulvous colour, but without the white semi-band on the 
antigone. forewing found in melita. — antigone Cr. represents the extreme in this series, having the entire outer half of 
the hindwings golclen-yellow, the anal spot on the forewing reddish, and the white transverse band dusted 
proserpina. with the same colour. -— - In proserpina Cr. (= antiopa Muell.-Q, nerina E.-$) the red-brown colour is in the 
discal area laved with white. This type is by far the most common among all the specimens of antiopa from 
Java and south-eastern Borneo in my collection. If the hindwings have the surroundings of the white 
iphigenia. disc blue instead of fulvous, we have iphigenia Cr. (118 d). Specimens from western Java display the richest 
and clearest light blue colouring, far surpassing our figure. This beautiful aberration is in Java next to pro¬ 
serpina the most common form, remarkable for the broad white subapical band on the forewing and the large 
aphrodite, white discal spot on the hindwing, both displaying at the periphery a lovely blue iridescence. -—- aphrodite 
Fruhst. (118 cl) has on the forewing the subapical band blue or violet, at the anal angle a red-brown spot of 
varying size, which recurs also in the disc of the dark blue, iridescent hindwings. Both wings bear one, frequently 
even two, submarginal rows of white scallops and dots. In a particularly beautiful specimen from Java 
the hindwings are adorned in the discal area with a light blue spot, basally reflecting a dark blue lustre. 
Western Java, Sukabumi, 2000 ft. Judging from the material contained in my collection it appears that the 
