552 
HYPOLIMNAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
Malayan-Australian $-forms we find also, corresponding to the South Moluccan race, very large and dark $$ of the 
purest Moluccan type, which were already remarked by Staudinger; but instead of the broad, rounded outline 
of the wings characteristic of eriphile Cr. and manilia Cr., they have the more elongate contours of chrysonicans 
Fruhst.-Q from Engano. The ground-colour is brown-black, the forewings have the anal area dusky red-brown, 
ivena. the hindwings the discal area slightly laved with grey-brown ( = $-fa. ivena form. nov.). The upper surface 
is marked with white and blue submarginal dots, the under surface is dark brown, broadly laved with red-brown 
at the inner margin of the forewing. It is a curious fact and cpiite singular among the Rhopalocera, that farther 
east bolinci is represented again by almost the identical forms as in Java; none the less I give to these forms 
nerina. from Australia and the adjacent islands the name of nerina, partly because the name exists, and partly because 
their identity with the Javanese forms is not quite perfect in either sex. For the first the ^-fa. charybdis does not 
seem to be represented at all in the Australian Region, all the <$<$ belonging to auge Cr., although they are on the 
under surface less brillant white and red-brown than the Javanese specimens. Neither are the 92 so varie- 
consians. gated, being chiefly represented by the form proserpina Cr. and constans Btlr. which latter is nothing else but a 
slightly obscured iphigenia Cr. In New Guinea we find, moreover, a form closely allied to aphrodite Fruhst.,axid in 
pseudomi- Australia the fa. perimeleCr. Peculiar to New Guinea is pseudomisippus /orm. nov. (119b) which also beneath 
sippus. m i m -[ c p s misipptxis-Q, but shows its relationship with bolina in the white submarginal dots and the broad, white 
median area crossing the entire hindwing. The larva lives, according to Mathew, gregariously on Sida rhombi- 
folia and refessa, also on Convolvulus; at first it is greenish-black without any spines, grown up it measures 
52—55 mm, is cylindrical in shape, black with seven branching spines on each segment, arranged in ring-form. 
The head is reddish-yellow with long, branching spines; legs reddish-brown. The pupa, which is found on the 
underside of leaves, is provided with dark brown spines. According to Semper it is very easy to rear; he also 
states that, whereas the Australian CS harmonize with auge Cr., there are some which rather approximate to 
lisianassa Cr.-, the $-forms iphigenia Cr. and nerina F. predominate. According to Waterhouse bolina ranges 
from Cape York to Sidney; I refer to it also the specimens from New Guinea, where bolina abounds everywhere 
from November until March. Waigeu, Aru, Ivey (particularly common in December and January, the ^-forrn 
iphigenia predominating), Tenimber, Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands. In the latter we find 
for the most part a rather small-sized form, the $$ varying but slightly and belonging to the type nerina F. 
montrou- (proserpina Cr.). — montrouzieri Btlr. , originally described from Woodlark Island, appears to occur also in Fergusson 
zun. a nd Kiriwina; the $9 resemble somewhat iphigenia Cr., having on the under surface of the hindwings the yellow- 
white longitudinal band very narrow, but quite distinct. — palauensis subsp. nov. (119 a) is the first in the sheer 
endless series of forms found on the islands of the Pacific Ocean which, although as a rule inferior in size to the 
western forms, vary individually to such an extent that one can truly state, that all the innumerable named and 
unnamed 9-forms found on the larger islands situate nearer the mainland, are repeated in miniature, as it were, on 
the islands and atolls of Polynesia. Moreover in addition to the hitherto described forms, those remote islands 
have developed also a number of endemic races peculiar to themselves, and we find upon them the most perfect 
melanotic as well as albinotic extremes, palauensis of which I only have four ^-specimens, which I received 
from the late Mr. George Semper, appears to be very constant, differing only in the greater or smaller extent 
of the orange-red subanal spot on the forewing, whereas in every other respect it resembles proserpina -§. Palau 
Islands. Semper received also CC without any white spots on the upper surface, belonging to the type of 
auge Cr., but no specimens without the white median area on the under surface of the hindwings. Of the 
99 he mentions a few pale aberrations generally only found on the Polynesian islands. In Yap 
of the western Carolines we find an allied form, of which Ivubary has figured the earlier stages; pupal state lasts 
rarik. 12 days. —- rarik is the name of the pale forms from Micronesia , discovered during Kotzebue’s and Chamisso’s 
journey (1816) and figured by Eschscholtz; the 99 are pale yellow-brown. In size it resembles bolina, the 
ground-colour is dark brown. The fore wings have a short white band, composed of 4 elongate spots, extending 
from the middle of the costa towards the outer margin over 4 interspaces. At some little distance from the 
outer margin we notice 6 dots, the uppermost of which is very large. A broad, curved, brownish-yellow spot 
reaches from almost the middle of the wing to the inner margin close to the anal angle. The hindwings reflect 
on the upper half a slight brownish-violet lustre; in the middle the wings show a large, elongate spot, bordered 
with dirty yellow at the lower and outer margins. On the under surface the same colouring prevails, only some¬ 
what paler and less distinct; the forewings have on the costal margin between the base and the white 
band 3 small, white, black-margined spots; moreover, both wings have the outer margin bordered with a 
double row of grayish elongate spots. The body is above black-brown, beneath spotted with white. Antennae 
kraimjku. are black, yellow at the tip, palpi and feet whitish-gray. — kraimoku Eschsch. is a further colour-variety from 
the Ratak group of the Marshal Islands. In size it resembles //. bolina-, it is unicolorous dark brown with 
olive-green iridescence. Quite close to the outer margin both wings are adorned with a row of small white- 
gray dots, of which always two are placed in each interspace. 
