DOLESCHALLIA. By FI. Fruhstorfer. 
557 
reddish or almost white, distal half (= basalis form, nov) (137 b). Generally speaking the ?? display the colouring 
peculiar to the dry-season, even where a distinct rainless season is not known as f. i. in Nias and Amboina; 
and cases in which they show traces of whitish subbasal patches are rare (?? of mariae, prutipa e. a). But 
both sexes have in common a white spot before the apex of the f. w., which is always present, though it may 
vary in size. The hindwings have invariably an anterior and an anal ocellus, which are always most perfectly 
developed in the cf of the silver-coloured form, and are repeated at the anal angle of the f. w. as minute 
eye-spots, finely pupilled with white. Moreover, we observe nearly always some indistinct, accessory ocelli, which 
may unite to form a delicate chain. Much more interesting, however, is the change which the colour of the 
fiscal spots on the under surface of the f. w. undergoes in the eastern forms (Key, Waigeu), where the silvery 
markings are replaced by light cinnamon-brown or yellowish designs, recurring also on the h. w. in the shape 
of yellow circles (cingara form. nov. |137bj “the gypsy”). — philippensis Fruhst. (112a) inhabits the Philippine 
Archipelago, being rather common, especially in the southern islands, between July and September. Whereas 
also this form varies on the under surface to such an extent that hardly two individuals may be said to be 
alike, the markings of the upper surface are nearly constant. There are always two small, white dots at the 
apex of the forewing, and only the yellow intraradial spot placed distally to the oblique band varies somewhat 
in size and unites, in the rather lighter-coloured and larger ??, with this band. Regarding the under surface, 
Semper who examined 900 specimens from Camiguin de Mindanao, states that the cf has nearly always some 
white spots, whereas none are found in the ?. Otherwise the colouring is the same in both sexes, excepting 
that the ? has the under surface a shade lighter and the apex of the f. w. more blunt. Of the other specimens 
before me collected by Doherty during February and March in Bazilan, three c fd 1 belong to the f. argyroides Fruhst. 
and one to basalts. The ?? are fulvous. Specimens from the island of Palawan collected in January, have the 
brown-yellow band on the f. w. somewhat narrower. The cdcd vary considerably on the under surface, one 
belonging to basalis , another approaching the f. cingara in the broad, yellow-brown striation of the cell of the 
f. w. and in the presence of similar spots in the basal half of the h. w., which may be accompanied by minute 
silvery dots. The light yellow eye-spots form a vivid contrast to the lovely red-brown colour of the h. w- 
The larva was found at Manila, feeding on Graphophyllum (Acanthaceae); it is 6 cm in length, black with five 
white longitudinal stripes, the head and spines are glossy steel-blue, the forelegs black; above the prolegs it 
is spotted with steel-blue; beginning at the fourth and ending with the eleventh segment, they are adorned 
with red, wart-like prominences which are connected with one another by two white lines. Pupa reddish- 
brown with dark spots; at Manila the imago requires in February 11—13 days to emerge, in March 9—11 
and in September 8—9 days. — The most northern form of the species is continentalis Fruhst. indica 
Moore), cf somewhat smaller than philippensis (112 a), having but a most minute, yellow, subapical spot on the 
f. w. The black band at the end of the cell is more divided and less broad. In the ? the f. w. has an 
extensive area of yellow-brown, somewhat lighter in the median region. The black transverse band beyond 
the cell appears in specimens of the dry-season almost like a fine thread. One ? belonging to the fa. basalis 
has the inner half of both wings nearly black, the outer half almost white. Otherwise the majority of ?? have 
the under surface red-brown. Quite abundant in Sikkim and Assam between April and December anywhere 
up to 4000 ft. of alt. The imagines are not at all shy, often alighting upon rocks or heaps of earth, with the wings 
closed, and are then very difficult to detect. Larva on nettles. The specimens which I collected in Tenasserim 
in April (dry-season), and in Tonkin between August and September which is here the beginning of the dry- 
season, (belonging to the f. argyroides ), are smaller in size and of somewhat deeper fulvous colour, the ¥ being 
still lighter than is the case with specimens from Sikkim. With these I must class also a ? from Hainan, 
which is quite similar in size and appearance. — siamensis sicbsp. nov. This form from Siam is, on the other 
hand, very small and has a shorter, yellow-brown, subapical band on the f. w. than cf of continentalis. In the 
¥ the upper surface of the h. w. is of a darker red-brown colour, representing presumably a transition to the 
Macromalayan races. Beneath it resembles the f. basalis. The cf of the dry-season (January) is adorned with 
silvery spots. — malabarica Fruhst. found throughout southern India. The apex, whilst still prominent 
as in continentalis , is more rounded posteriorly and not so sharply angular. The cfcf have the transverse 
band deeper red-yellow and shorter; the ? is not so greatly different from the cf as in continentalis. Larva is 
found on Eranthemum, which belongs to the same family as the food-plant of the larvae of Junonia and 
Kallima. The eggs are deposited in small clusters; the larvae which live always gregariously, are chiefly found 
in September and October. The specimens from Kanara figured by Moore must also be classed with malabarica. 
Quite abundant on the coast of Malabar and Coromandel. — ceylonica Fruhst. closely approaches andamanensis 
Fruhst. in the markings of the h. w., but is distinguished by the absence of the white apical dots from the 
f. w. The yellow subapical transverse band on the f. w. is very similar to that found in malabarica Fruhst. 
(= indica Moore, Lep. Ind. pro parte pi. 336 f, 2 a, 2b), but shorter and narrower and more broadly bordered 
with black; this renders the yellow patch between the lower radial and the upper median smaller. Both wings 
are darker yellow-brown than is found in the races from the main land, and have the black borders and 
bands equally broad as those of the Andaman form (andamanensis Fruhst.). The under surface is lighter 
yellow than in continentalis Fruhst ., and the ocelli are of greater size than in all the allied forms, malabarica 
included, which latter it approaches closest in its fulvous colouring, ceylonica is quite rare in Ceylon. I 
only found two or three specimens some time in May 1889 at the edge of the woods near Nalanda; following 
a dried-up river-bed, I came across the tracks of wild elephants which had made a broad path through the 
basalis. 
cingara. 
philippen¬ 
sis. 
continen¬ 
talis. 
siamensis. 
malabarica. 
ceylonica. 
