568 
AMNOSIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
the third stands exactly in the middle between this and the fourth nervule, which latter diverges much farther 
from the apex than is the case with Hypolimnas , forming with the fifth a large fork. Moreover, the lower 
discocellular runs to the point of origin of the second median branch and not beyond it. and the precostal of 
the h. w. is single, straight and only at the extremity feebly turned inward. More striking are the differences in 
shape and colouring, chiefly in the shape of the hindwing which is at the third median nervule strongly produced 
so as to form a blunt tail, resembling in that respect the genus Mynes. The sexual organs are not unlike 
those of Mynes and Kallima, the uncus being cleft and presenting a gently curved, well-proportioned shape. 
The valve closely approaches that of Limenitis, being almost cubical in shape, flattened above, distally provided 
with a minute, membranous horn at each corner, with unusually short and scanty hair. The earlier stages are 
still unknown. The presence of complete ocelli on the under surface of the h. w. in the cf, which in the $ 
appear also on the upper side, has been the reason why Niceville classed Amnosia with the Satvridae, whereas 
Dr. Hagen, Shelford and myself connected them with the Amathusiidae. But judging from the neuration and 
the morphology of the sexual organs, it appears now that it belongs to the Diademes-group, with which Schatz 
unites the Vanessid Genera that are allied to Hypolimnas. 
A. decora is represented by quite a number of local forms, several of which are so sharply defined 
that Niceville accorded them the rights of distinct species. In all these forms the ?? are dimorphic and, for 
the most part, also polychrome. The cd has on the f. w. always a light blue transverse band, more or less 
touched up with white and proximally margined by a straight line; in the ? this band is nearly always 
narrower, proximally sharply angled or notched. Moreover, whereas the ? shows on the upper surface invariably 
some ocelli of reddish colour, ringed with black and pupilled with blue, they are in the cd either altogether 
peralcana. wanting, or only appear as slightly translucent spots. — perakana Fruhst. resembles in the broader black- 
brown longitudinal band on the under surface of the h. w. much more the form from Borneo (buluana Fruhst.) 
than eudamia Gr.-Sm, from Sumatra. In the $ the ocelli on the h. w. are nearly as large as in the Bornean 
form, but more broadly ringed with black. From the Malay Peninsula. The types are in the Martin collection 
(Diessen). Although it is only within quite recent time that decora was discovered in Perak and the Malay 
Peninsula, its presence there had been suspected, as it was known to be peculiar and strictly confined to the 
eudamia. Macromalayan Region. — Of eudamia Sm., discovered by Forbes in western Sumatra. I possess 10 cdcd, 16 ?? 
from the volcano Singalang in western Sumatra, and Dr. Martin found a number of specimens also in the 
north-eastern part of the island, as well on the table-land of Battak as on the forest-covered foot-hills, but 
never below 2500 ft. above the level of the sea; it seems to fly throughout the year, but is always scarce. 
The cd resembles, aside from the somewhat broader band, decorina (115 e), but has on the under side of the 
f. w. the apical area still more obscured with violet, analogous to the Javanese form. The ? varies above through 
all shades of brown, from the lightest to the darkest coffee-brown or even golden-brown. The transverse band 
itself changes in breadth, being as a rule greatest anteriorly and hardly ever remaining the same. Of 16 ?? 
contained in the Fruhstorfer coll, two resemble the cd, having the band milky-white, 7 belong to the fa. 
ochracea flavilla Fruhst. in which the band is light yellowish, and 7 to fa. ochracea Fruhst. in which it is dark ochre- 
decorina. yellow. — decorina Fruhst. (115 e) is very much smaller than A. decora DM.-1 few., with more rounded wings, 
especially in ?. In addition it presents the following differences: In cd the transverse band on the upper surface 
of the f. w. is narrower, being broadest in the middle; the apex is not spotted with black, and of the ocelli on 
the h. w. only the last one is faintly translucent. On the under surface the f. w. has the apical spots and 
ocelli smaller and the bands very feebly coloured. The ocelli on the h. w. are elliptical and rather lighter; 
between the lower radial and the third median is placed a minute eye-spot. ?, upper surface: The forewings 
lack the small blue spots at the apex, and the transverse band is neither bordered with blue nor has it any 
silky lustre. On the h. w. the marginal and submarginal bands are broader, the ocelli elongate, darker in colour 
and, with the exception of the anterior ones, almost of equal size; the median stripes are barely visible. 
Beneath the white transverse band is proximally more sharply dentate and broader at the anal angle. Whereas 
decorina has on either side of the hindwing five ocelli, decora shows five above and only four on the under 
decora, surface. Expanse, cd 73 mm, ? 70 mm, Island of Nias, very scarce. — decora Dbl. a. Hew. has among all the 
known forms on the upper surface of cd the most uniform and the deepest blue band. In ? however the band 
always grows narrower towards the anal angle, and the milky-white zone is anteriorly and posteriorly bordered 
by rather broa'd, light blue, parallel stripes. The ? is above dull gray-brown, in the cd the under surface of 
the f. w. is shaded with violet at the apex. The ocelli on the f. w. are in both sexes arranged in pairs, but 
there is no intranerval eye-spot between the lower radial and the upper median, as in the forms from Nias 
and Borneo, decora is only found in the mountainous parts of western Java; even in the provinces of Preanger 
I only saw it on the wooded slopes of the Gede Mts, at elevations of more than 3800 ft; there indeed it is 
very common, especially during July and August, and can frequently be observed sitting on the under side of 
leaves, the wings expanded, remaining quite motionless for a long while. When frightened they fly but a short 
distance, displaying for a moment their azure band in the monotonous green of the steaming forest, before they 
seek a new hiding-place. Whereas 1 only know ?? specimens with white bands, Martin reports having noticed 
buluana. some in which the band was yellow. — buluana Fruhst. takes the place of decora in the mountainous regions 
of northern Borneo, where it was first discovered on Kina Balu by Waterstradt. The cd has the forewings more 
rounded, and at the anal angle on the upper surface of the h. w. a distinctly translucent ocellus, bordered with red. 
