586 
CYRESTIS. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
second and third, are closer together and the spaces between them are much darker than the rest of the wdngs 
appearing iike dark, black-margined bands. On the h. w. the submarginal band lacks the chain-pattern as 
well as the blue line, but on the other hand the outer and inner of the three lines composing the submarginal 
band exhibit in nearly all the species ( theresae excepted) the dull bluish-gray lustre of graphite. The type 
of this group as well as of the genus established by Huebner is thyonneus from Amboina, described in 
1779, whose various local forms can only be regarded as subspecies, leaving only the western representative 
of the group in Sumatra and Borneo, which outside of thyonneus can rank as a species (Martin). 
theresae. C. theresae Nicev. ( = neela Swirih.). From Borneo (Sandakan, Sarawak, Bancljermasin). Differs from 
the only other species of this group and its subspecies in its markings, the smaller size and the paler 
ground-colour, which is a rich deep yellow-brown resembling polished cherry-wood. On the f. w. the middle 
line in the submarginal band, which is vertical to the two black anal dots peculiar to most species of Cyrestis, 
is nearly straight and almost continuous, whereas in all the other forms of this group it is broken up into 
single streaks, curved inward or blurred; on the h. w. the inner and outer of the three lines composing the 
submarginal band are entirely black and not of a dull blue-gray lustre as in the other forms; on the upper 
surface of the h. w. the discocellular veins are distinctly bordered on both sides, whereas in the other 
forms they are marked only by one heavy black line. It appears almost unnecessary to enumerate these 
as well as any other marks of distinction, for their general appearance is sufficient to enable any one, who is some¬ 
what familiar with this genus, to pick out specimens of theresae from among a great number of mixed-up speci¬ 
mens belonging to the thyonneus- group. Also Statjdinger recognized these differences when he gave the name 
thyonneoides to the specimens of theresae from Borneo contained in his collection. As in all these years, according 
to my knowledge, only one specimen of theresae has been taken in Sumatra, it must be exceedingly scarce; but 
since a comparison of 5 specimens contained in Swinhoe’s collection in Tring with the type of theresae, showed 
absolutely no difference between specimens from Sumatra and Borneo, we must consider neela Swinh. (which is 
6 months younger) to be synonymous with theresae. Swinhoe’s type came from Sandakan and is in the British 
Museum. Also Swinhoe mentions in his description of neela the distinct double bordering of the discocellular 
veins (Martin). 
hyonneus. C. thyonneus Cr., from Ceram, Amboina, Uliasser (Kueckenthal) and Batjan( ?) has the ground¬ 
colour the richest deep orange-brown; celebensis and sulaensis are darker, buruanus is lighter. The f. w. is marked 
on the under surface with whitish-violet appearing first, on the outer margin just below the apex, in the shape 
of two indistinct crescents placed between the fifth subcostal and the two radials, the lower one of which 
is the larger and more distinct of the two; second, in the shape of two elongate spots at the anal angle 
along the outer margin between the inner margin and the second median, the upper one being the smaller; 
third, in the shape of a square spot at the inner margin bordered above by the first median, on the outside 
by the submarginal band, on the opposite side by the third meridional stripe and below by the inner margin; 
in specimens from Amboina this square spot continues on the under surface also of the hindwing as far as the 
subcostal. On the h. w. also the anal area and the anal projection are laved with whitish-violet. On the upper 
surface of the h. w. we find at the costal border between the first and second meridional stripes, and again 
between the third and the submarginal band, some square yellowish-white spots which in Amboina specimens 
are nearly white. One $ from Amboina (Staudinger coll.) is larger and very pale, thyonneus is not often 
met with in collections, although L. Kuhlmann of Frankfort reports having received considerable numbers from 
Ceram. A specimen I obtained from Ribbe labelled “ eudamia ” shows all the characteristics of typical Ceram 
specimens; but I could not find any published report on eudamia. Pagenstecher’s statement that thyonneus 
also occurs in Batjan, is doubted by Ribbe who during his three months’ stay could not find it on that island, 
buruanus. which is rather the home of laelia belonging to the acilia- group (Martin). — buruanus Mart, from Burn is mostly 
smaller than thyonneus and still more so than celebensis. The ground-colour is paler, less intense and more 
yellow-brown than orange-brown as in thyonneus ; the meridional stripes are closer together and more black 
and conspicuous upon the paler ground-colour; also on the f. w. the two bordering lines of the submarginal 
band have the graphite-like lustre peculiar to the h. w. of thyonneus and the other subspecies; beneath it 
resembles thyonneus, but the lighter portions are less distinctly pronounced. The $ is the palest form of the 
sulaensis. entire group (Martin). — sulaensis Stgr. (121 f) is darker than thyonneus, ,,dirty brown with violet irroration“ 
to quote the words of its author. The meridional stripes are broader, the interspaces between the base and the 
first meridional stripe and between the second and third are obscured, those between first and second and third 
and submarginal band lighter on both wings. On the h. w. the middle one of the three lines making up the sub¬ 
marginal band is towards the apex much broader, almost band-shaped. Still greater are the differences on the 
under side, which lacks the lighter portions of thyonneus and is (if one does not count a square pale spot on the 
