OYRESTIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
587 
inner margin of f. w. between the third meridional stripe and the submarginal band), uniform ochre-brown 
closely resembling the under suiface of theresae (Martin). — celebensis Stgr. is nuioli darker, and the specimens celebensis. 
from southern Celebes are much larger than thyonneus and sulaensis. Between the first and second meridional 
stripe^, and on the f.w. between second and third above the second median nervule and again between the third 
meirdional stripe and the submarginal band below the second median, the colour is brown-gray, also on the h. 
w. ni the spaces between the first and second and between the third meridional stripe and submarginal band. Be¬ 
low the second median nervule the f.w. shows again the clear, intense brown ground-colour which continues also 
on the h. w. as far as the anal margin. Also on the f. w. the two lines bordering the submarginal band show 
the graphite-like lustre, especially in the costal half. On the under surface the light markings of thyonneus 
reappear on a still lighter ground. Staudinger describes a $ with paler brown upper surface, from which the 
brown-gray bands stand forth very distinctly. (September, Doherty) in the Tring Museum; a (Dongala, 
August, Doherty) is much darker having on the upper surface the apex of the f. w. broadly obscured, likewise 
the costal half of the submarginal band on the h. w., in which the middle line appears like a heavy inky 
streak. The British Museum contains also a $ labelled ,,Ternate“ closely allied to celebensis (Martin). 
2 . Acilia-group. 
This group inhabits mainly the Papuan Region, whence it sends its off-shoots in a westerly direction to the Moluccas, 
the Sula Archipelago, Bangkai and as far as Celebes, eastward to the farthest islands of the Solomon Archipelago. In 
the central part of this Region (New Guinea and the adjacent islands), the white median band found on both wings of all 
the species belonging to this group is broadest, decreasing toward the east and west. The forewings are at the anal angle 
but slightly indented, more rounded, having the inner margin entirely straight. Also the apex of the h. w. is but slightly and 
obliquely shortened, on the whole more rounded. The small tails are short and broad, the anal projection represents an 
insignificant, feebly produced, circular*' segment. The meridional stripes have almost disappeared. The submarginal band 
continues on both wings in an almost straight, inwardly slightly concave line displaying very plainly the chain-pattern, the 
links of which are in many species strikingly round and, being surrounded by a yellow iris, have the appearance of eye-spots: 
for this reason Staudinger refers to it as an ocellate band. On the h. w. the anal area, which in most cases is adorned with 
the orange-coloured markings characteristic of the white species, possesses another peculiarity only found in this group. The 
anal projection is taken up by an oblonge, either oval or roundish, black spot displaying occasionally a yellow iris. Proxim- 
ally to this spot we notice, close to the anal margin in the yellow area, a second ocellus approximately forming the con¬ 
tinuation of the submarginal band, though widely separated from. it. This anal ocellus has, in addition to the yellow iris, 
a fine white border, which represents the continuation of the pure white submarginal line seen between the anal projection 
and anal angle. This border gives the anal ocellus the: appearance of being reversed from the under surface; therefore I shall 
in future refer to it as the “reversed ocellus 11 . This group which from the earliest described species must be called acilia, presents 
among all the groups of Cyrestis the greatest difficulties as to classification and recognition of its species and subspecies. 
The western forms can impossibly be classed with acilia either as subspecies or varietal forms, they differ two greatly for 
that; on the other hand the fact that the eastern forms, which are much more closely related to acilia, suffer in the far east 
a quite similar transformation as we observe on certain islands farther west, gets us also here into difficulties; moreover 
there exist of the central form acilia itself a number of subspecies on the numerous islands adjoining the coast of New Guinea. 
In the farthest northern island however, in which acilia is at all found, an entirely aberrative species has developped to which 
no transitionary forms are known. For the rest we have in the shape of the wings a fairly good means of discrimination: The 
western species have both wings longer and less broad, approaching the shape of a recumbent rectangle; in the eastern species 
the wings are shorter and broader, presenting when stretched approximately the shape of an erect rectangle, whereas in the 
central form acilia and its subspecies it is almost a square. As in the other groups, so it appears also here the easiest to enume¬ 
rate the species and subspecies in their order from west to east (Martin). 
C. strigata Fldr. Found throughout Celebes: Minahassa, Gorontolo, Donggala, Bonthain. Much larger strigata. 
than acilia. The white median band is very narrow but always sharply defined; its width varies in such a way 
that it is greatest in specimens from southern Celebes, smallest in specimens from the northern part. Sometimes 
this band may be entirely obsolete, and the Fruhstoreer collection contains a specimen in which not a trace 
of any band appears on the h. w. At any rate this species and its subspecies have among the entire group the 
narrowest median band; its continuation on the h. w., where it. bends at a right angle toward the anal 
margin, is particularly distinct in the $$and peculiar to this species. The ocellate band, which is feebly bordered 
with yellow, is proximally accompanied by a yellowish cross-line, very faintly yellow at the anal angle (Staudin- 
ger). The rows of ocelli are cpiite complete; the tail is white at the end. The anal ocellus is in this and the succeed¬ 
ing subspecies not round, but elongate, kidney-shaped. The reversed ocellus is indistinct. The $$ which are 
not scarce, are of very large size, probably the largest in the whole group, and of lighter and more dirty colour. 
Felder describes a “var. p” of his strigata from Menado; this specimen has the white median band extraordinarily 
broad, more so than specimens from southern Celebes; but the reniform anal ocellus renders it certain that 
it is an abnormal strigata. — parthenia Roeb. discovered by H. Kitehn at Bangkai; very scarce. The white parthenia. 
median band is in £ light ochre-yellow, in $ yellow; the ground-colour is light chestnut-brown, not blackish 
as in strigata. The anal ocellus is distinctly reniform; the chain of ocelli is complete, the reversed ocellus indi¬ 
stinct. I 1 $ (types) in the Staudinger collection. - — bettina Fruhst. (122 c) from the Sula Islands, Mangoli bettina. 
and Besi. Equals in size strigata, from which it differs in the more intensely brown-red upper surface, the broader 
