RAHINDA. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
597 
of 2000 ft.; neither does one meet them in the woods, but invariably among low shrubs near cultivated 
fields, where slowly and in unsteady flight they flutter about, frequently alighting, their wings extended. Two 
seasonal forms are known: a) fa. hordonia Stoll, peculiar to the rainy-season, with very broad black bands, hordonia. 
found in Tonkin until the end of August: b) fa. plagiosa Moore (125b) a form of the dry-season. In this plagiosa. 
the under surface of the hindwing lacks the black median band, but the distal portion displays a violet hue; the 
upper surface has the black bands greatly reduced and replaced by luxuriant bands of yellow. Specimens 
from the South of India vary considerably from those found in the North, approaching sinuata Moore from 
Ceylon. It is found throughout India as far as Tenasserim and Malabar; I collected it in Siam on the Karen 
Hills during May, at an elevation of 1000 ft. during January and February, in southern Annam in February 
and in Tonkin during August and September; Moore reports it also from the Mergui Archipelago. — sinuata sinuata 
Moore, found in the low-lands of Ceylon whence it ascends the wooded hills up to about 3000 ft; flying all the 
year round, it is most abundant during March and April. It differs from its Continental allies in the increased 
black spotting on the hindwings, upon which the yellow submarginal band remains greatly reduced; moreover, 
the wet-season form has on the forewing the contours of the yellow bands much more irregular. -— maligowa maligowa. 
Fruhst. was lately discovered by H. Sauter in Formosa. I have, however, only specimens of the Monsoon- 
period which differ from the Indian forms in the broader black and the greatly reduced yellow bands. -— 
The very large form from Hainan was described as rihodona Moore. Judging from one $ in my collection, it may rihodona. 
be distinguished from the Continental hordonia by having the bands more sharply defined, from the Formosan 
form by the nearly twice as broad, yellow submarginal band on the hindwing. — cnacalis Hew., a lovely cnacalis. 
insular form hitherto treated by all authors as a separate species, has on the hindwing the median band white 
instead of yellow, the submarginal band grey. But the red spotting of the under surface indicates at once its 
close relationship with hordonia. From the Andamans and Nicobars. — senthes Fruhst. from Sumatra (and senthes. 
Borneo) displays, especially in specimens from the western part of the island, very plainly the character of the 
rainy-season, with much broader black bands than are found in hordonia from the Continent and Java. 
The hindwing has the submarginal band much narrower than in the Continental forms. The 
moreover, are larger than those from Java, and have the submarginal band on the forewing black 
instead of fulvous. A similar form occurs also in Banka. — aigilipa Fruhst. (125 c) from Nias where it is aigilipa. 
very scarce, being not mentioned by Kheil or Moore. I possess 2 ^ representing a transition from 
the rainy to the wet-season form. The $ is relatively large (26 mm), surpassing in size my largest $ 
specimen from Assam which measures only 24 mm. In <$ the black subapical spot which partly surrounds 
the cell of the forewing in the shape of a semicircular arc is obsolete, as is also the black streak extending 
from the submarginal band along the upper radial toward the base. Unusually broad appears on the other 
hand the terminal border and the black median band on the hindwing, whereby the yellow submarginal band is 
greatly reduced. $ has the black distal margin of the hindwing still broader than the <$, 6 mm in width 
against 4 mm in my darkest Assam specimen. The under surface has the submarginal band, especially on 
the forewing, broadly black, the ground-colour reddish-brown, rather lighter than in alceste from Lombok, though 
much darker than in Javanese specimens. - —- pardus Fruhst., described from a number of specimens taken pardus. 
in East and West Java at altitudes of up to 2000 ft., differing throughout from the Continental forms in having 
all the yellow markings broader; also the distal border, particularly of the forewing is invariably more broadly 
black and does not vary in colour in the dry-season form, whereas in the Continental dry season form plagiosa 
it is reddish instead of black. Also from Bawean (July—Sept.), Ivangean, Bali. — alceste Fruhst. is one of th Fjdceste. 
most peculiar local forms of hordonia from the arid island of Lombok, being darker than any other form so far 
known. The black bands on the upper surface of the forewing are very broad and at the same time deeply 
excavated, in consequence of which the yellow bands and patches appear quite broken. On the forewing the apical 
spot is nearly as large as in the dry-season form from the Continent of India. The under surface exhibits over 
a great portion a peculiar dark fulvous hue, in consequence of which the yellowish ground-colour appears 
greatly reduced. The black submarginal bands are very broad, the median band on the hindwing externally 
bordered with jet-black instead of fulvous. Lombok, Sapit 2000 ft., April—-June. Sumbawa. — doronia Stgr doronia. 
refers to a distinct local form having the wings narrower and beneath the median bands more sharply defined 
and much narrower. From Palawan, flies in January. 
R. epira is one of the rarest species of the Genus, only a few specimens having reached Europe. Ground¬ 
colour chiefly black, forewing with a narrow, brown stripe in the cell, hindwing with whitish median fascia. 
Under surface blackish, apex as well as median area of hindwing violet. Two insular forms are known: 
epira Fldr. of which Semper obtained only 1 S which, like Felders $ type, shows on the forewing two white, epira. 
egg-shaped, submedian spots. From Leyte. — heliobole Semp. from Mindanao differs from epira in the absence hcliobole. 
of the white patches on the forewing and in having the whitish median band on hindwing reduced to a faint 
line; the under surface lacks the white dots still feebly indicated in epira. 
R. bieti Oberth., a delicate species having the bands on the undersurface quite indistinct; already bieti. 
described in Vol. I. p. 180. (Vol. I. pi. 55 d). Szetchuan, Ta-Tsien-Lu. 
