602 
NEPTIS. By H. Fbtjhstobfeb. 
middle, valve unproportionately large, exceeding in size and completely surrounding all the remaining parts; 
consisting of elongate, egg-shaped organs densely covered with hair and bristles and distally divided into two short 
lobes which are dorsally provided with a sharply curved, hook-shaped spur and ventrally end in a long reversed 
fold. Penis short and broad, constricted near the end and terminating in a very fine, curved spur. Saccus 
hainana. short. — haiiiana Moore differs from the specimens from Western China and Hongkong in the more prominent 
astola. and clearer white bands. Hainan. — astofa Moore is the oldest name given the form found in Continental 
India. Although as a rule its size is inferior to that of the Chinese forms, there occur also very small specimens 
in China and Tonkin, and vize versa in India very large ones approaching liylas. Altogether it is not possible 
to draw a sharp line between liylas and astola, especially since liylas from Siam and Annam is an intermediate 
form, and it is a mere matter of sentiment whether one should consider them as identical. However, since in 
Assam and Sikkim the majority of specimens have the ground-colour of the under surface fuscous brown-red, 
and since such specimens are very scarce in Farther India, a separation into two forms seems justified, the more 
so as the names have been in use for some time, and certain forms are known to occur only in Sikkim and Assam. 
adara. astola Moore is a dry-season form described and figured already in Vol. I, p. 176, pi. 53 d). — adara Moore is 
an intermediate form, larger than astola; the unusually broad black border of the white median band on the 
under surface of hindwing gives it a great resemblance to the insular form varmona Moore. P T nder surface 
cmodes. fulvous. — emodes Moore, an Alpine form of the wet-season (Vol. I, p. 176, pi. 53 c erroneously named liylas), 
ranges from Cashmere, where it ascends to an altitude of 9000 ft., to Tenasserim, being one of the commonest 
butterflies. One may truly say that every specimen differs from the other, representing a transition between 
swirihoei. the three mentioned forms. •—- switthoei Btlr. refers to the form from southern India. In colour the under 
surface comes close to that of varmona Moore, but is a trifle lighter, with black transcellular stripes on forewing. 
varmona. Nilgiris, Malabar and Coromandel. Larva feeds on a variety of Lathyrus. — varmona Moore from Ceylon, 
easily recognized by the clear white patches on upper surface standing ont boldly from the jet-black ground¬ 
colour, and by the sharply black-margined stripes appearing upon the pale coffee-brown ground-colour of the 
disrupta. under surface. Seasonal forms are also existing, that of the extreme wet-season being called disrupta Moore, 
kamarupa. of the dry-season kamarupa Moore (= eurymene Btlr.). Very common in the low-lands of Ceylon. — anda- 
andamana. mana Moore resembles somewhat fa. adara Moore, from which it differs in the whitish submarginal band on liind- 
nicobarica. wing being nearly obsolete above. Andamans, very abundant. — nicobarica Moore is remarkable for having the 
white markings above greatly reduced and slightly clouded with grey, and the submarginal spots more rounded 
than elongate. Beneath very much like varmona, but with greatly reduced white bands. Moobe figures also a 
form of the dry-season in which the much broader white bands render the similarity with varmona still more 
mamaja. striking. Nicobars. —- mamaja Btlr. , an insignificant looking local form, leading over to papaya Moore from 
papaja. Sumatra and difficult to separate from astola Moore fa. aclara Moore. Malay Peninsula.- -— papaja Moore, $ 
exceeding in size that of matuta Hbn. (126 e), but the subapical spots on forewing smaller and therefore farther 
apart, and also the median band on hindwing reduced in width, with a correspondingly broader black border. 
The eggs are corned, and are deposited near the apex of the leaves. North-eastern and western Sumatra. — 
banjkiva. batigkiva subsp. nov. has the white bands extraordinarily narrow; in size greatly inferior to specimens from 
symada. Sumatra and Java. Island of Banka. —- syniada Fruhst. holds in the extent of its white markings about 
the middle between Borneo and Perak specimens, with all the bands considerably narrower than in papaja 
Moore. Submarginal band on hindwing placed unusually far toward base, strongly convex. Under surface 
enga.no. as pale as in mamaja Btlr., more so than in papaja Moore. Riouw Archipelago. -—• engano Doh., a distinct 
melanotic race of very small size, with very narrow submarginal band on forewing, deep red-brown under 
ombalata. surface and exceedingly narrow transverse bands. Engano, not very abundant. — ombalata Kheil, with more 
hageni. prominent white markings than the preceding form, ground-colour underneath deep ochreous. •—- In hageni 
Fruhst. the white band on hindwing begins to separate into isolated spots, under surface yellowish. Mentawej. 
luiira. -— hatra subsp. nov., intermediate between ombalata and engano, white markings more prominent than in either 
of the two, ground-colour beneath darker than in form from Nias, paler than in engano. Batu Islands. — 
so pair a. sopatra Fruhst. from Borneo differs from the other Macromalayan forms of liylas (those of the adjacent islands 
excepted) in the reduced white markings and particularly in the almost completely obscured submarginal band 
on the hindwing. The white cellular streak and subapical spots on fore wing are barely half as broad as in matuta 
and papaja. The deep ochreous under surface resembles that of mamaja Btlr. and adara Moore, differing from 
matuta in the shortness of the white basal and submedian bands. North Borneo, Pontianak and South-East 
terentia. Borneo. -—- terentia Fruhst. is the only form of liylas found in the Philippines, occurring on all the islands of the 
Jolo Archipelago, but not in Bazilan. Beneath like sopatra , but the white markings more delicate, rounded and 
isolated, wings more rounded, size smaller. It resembles somewhat also symada, from which it can be told by 
the still narrower median band on hindwing which shows towards the costa signs of breaking up, and by the 
