006 
NEPTIS. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
Fldr. from Luzon closely resembles above the figured soma (126 f, g) (recte susruta Moore), but with much 
broader basal band on upper surface of hindwing. Not contained in my collection; Felder knew only 3 speci- 
lizana. mens from the mountains of north-western Luzon. —- lizana Fruhst. refers to a remarkably large insular 
race with unusually narrow bands and spots. Beneath light grey-brown, contrasting with the other forms 
parthica. from the Philippines and the Malay Archipelago. Bazilan, February, March. •— parfhica Fruhst., quite common 
in Palawan, occurring in 2 seasonal forms: The larger one of the rainy season = fa. parthica has the cellular 
stripe clear white, not shaded with grey as in lizana or solygeia, which it otherwise resembles in the white 
somula. markings; submedian band on hindwing beneath more strongly undulate than in lizana. ■ — - somula Fruhst. 
(126 f), of smaller size, with narrower wings than parthica, in general appearance resembling gononata Btlr. 
(Distant, pi. 18 fig. 2), but with submarginal band on hindwing and cellular streak on forewing narrower than 
they appear in Distant’s figure. Finder surface darker than in parthica, more smoky-brown, and in my specimens 
solygeia. with but one white antemarginal band instead of two as found in parthica and the neighbouring races.- — solygeia 
Fruhst. is the darkest of all Philippine forms and at once recognizeable by the long, narrow wings. Forewing 
has the cellular spots confluent, the white markings covered with grey-brown scales. Under surface has the 
white stripe which runs parallel to the costa on forewing twice as long as in lizana and pseudonoma, and all the 
tibetana. bands narrower. Jolo Archipelago. — tibetana Moore is the first in the series of Continental forms of nandina, 
surpassing, as is usual in Chinese species, all the others in expanse of wings and in the width of the white bands, 
which render it not unlike N. ilocana (126 g). Beneath the cellular spots are, according to Moore, united 
as in rasilis and agathyllis. The white subbasal band on hindwing shows the same width over its entire extent. 
acalina. West China, eastern Tibet (Moore), from Omishan in my collection. -— acalina Fruhst. (126 f as pseudaclipala) 
is separated into two seasonal forms : the figure represents the smaller one of the dry-season, with much narrow¬ 
er bands than tibetana and with cellular streak as a rule shaded with grey; the rainy season form is about 
one third larger, and resembles in general nandina formosana Fruhst., differing from it in the somewhat less 
broad and slightly yellowish striation. The dry-season form 1 took during August and September in Central 
Tonkin, the rainy season form in June and July in Northern Tonkin at elevations of from 1000-—-2000 ft. — 
gonatina. —- gonatina Fruhst. was collected by me in Siam during the dry-season; it is much smaller, but the white spots 
susrutina. are essentially more prominent than in acalina, and the under surface brillant red-brown. -—• susrutina Fruhst. 
susruta. approximates to susruta Moore from Sikkim in the brown-yellow ground-colour of the under surface. -—• susruta 
Moore (126 f, g, erroneously called soma) is one of the commonest butterflies in Sikkim, occurring still at elevations 
of 5000 ft., and ranging from the Kumaon Himalayas to Upper Burmah and the Mergui Archipelago. Its 
variability, both individual and climatic, reaches in this form a maximum, no two specimens being alike, but 
differing either in size or in the clearer white or more dull colour of the bands above. Still we do not find 
such dark specimens as are represented by soma Moore. Beneath the ground-colour varies from pale ochreous 
(typical susruta) which is characteristic of the dry-season, to a rich chocolate or red-brown in the wet-season. 
hampsoni. The summer form has not been named as yet. — hampsoni Moore takes the place of susruta in the South of 
India, where it flies from January until November in the Nilgiris and near Mysore. Also of this form two 
seasonal varieties exist, although they do not differ essentially. According to Bingham it differs from the North 
Indian susruta in the clearer and more profuse white markings which rather resemble nandina clinia Moore from 
clinia. the Andamans. In Ceylon nandina is not represented, but in the Andamans we find clinia Moore (126 f) which 
has the cellular streak on forewing very narrow and the white band on hindwing as a rule much wider than 
mananda. it appears in our figure; such specimens belong to the rainy-season form and are named mananda Moore. — leuconota 
leuconota. j$pi r heads the series of Macromalayan forms. It resembles an under-sized susruta, with deep red-brown ground¬ 
colour of under surface and generally more sharply defined, white bands. Perak. Rare in collections, unknown 
apharea. to me in natura. — apharea Fruhst. is found in North-East and West Sumatra; it approaches leuconota Btlr. 
from Malay Peninsula, differing in having the ground-colour beneath almost black instead of red-brown. The 
dusky under surface renders its appearance so different from that of the Javanese form that De.Nice- 
ville doubted altogether the existence of nandina in Sumatra. From the Javanese and Bornean forms it differs 
moreover in the more delicate and roundish shape of the white spots on forewing, particularly of the two sub- 
ila. apical patches. Not very abundant. —■ ila Fruhst., closely allied to apharea , white spotting more profuse, 
heavier and more irregular. Ground-colour underneath a still deeper black-brown. Kina-Balu, North Borneo.—■ 
nandina. nandina Moore (126 e) from Java, the type from which the species received its name. Notwithstanding the different 
character of East and West Java, there seem to be no different local forms existing, and not even the specimens 
of the dry-season deviate sufficiently from those of the wet-season so as to deserve a special name. The latter 
which were figured by Moore, are but slightly larger and darker underneath than the dry-season form. From 
apharea and nandina ila the Javanese form differs especially in the larger subapical spots on the forewings 
and the broader white bands on the under surface; in Bali nandina is likewise represented by a form which ac- 
