612 
NEPTIS. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
scarce in the Sarjn Valley. Considering the great variability of vikasi even within comparatively small distances, 
I feel justified in the belief that specimens from Kumaon deviate from those found in the Eastern Himalayas. 
sakala. —• Another quite characteristic form is met with in Tonkin: sakala Fruhst., £ in size equalling the rainy-season 
form of suavior, but with the upper surface, analogous to other Tonkinese forms, rather darker and all the yellow¬ 
ish-grey bands and spots reduced. Beneath the black spotting more profuse and consequently the whitish 
spots, especially in the median area of forewing, reduced. Hindwing has the white median band narrower basally, 
but the black-brown submedian band nearly twice as wide as in suavior. Tonkin, Chiem-Hoa, August till 
omeroda. September. — omeroda Moore. Ground-colour darker black-brown than in Javanese specimens, apical spots 
and bands much smaller; white bands underneath more reduced, the brown median band on hindwing more 
conspicuous. Distant’s figure of $ from Perak shows beneath more white than my Sumatra $$. Malakka, 
salpona. Sumatra, Deli and Padang Bovenlanden, Penang (type) Singapore. — salpona Fruhst. (125 a). Ground-colour 
rather lighter than in omeroda, all markings broader and somewhat paler, more yellow than grey-brown. Under 
surface more uniform brown, all median bands on hindwing dull yellowish and not white. Submarginal 
band on fund wing suffused with violet; the inner brown antemarginal band obsolete, partially completely 
vikasi. fusing with ground-colour. Both sexes of smaller size than in omeroda. North Borneo. — vikasi Horsf. 
resembles in size and colouring much more the Indian harita Moore than omeroda Moore from Sumatra and 
the remaining Macromalayan forms, a curious fact which may be explained by a Tertiary land-connection 
existing between the continent of India and Java, and the prevalence of similar climatic conditions, vikasi 
£ has on the upper surface the bands paler brown than harita $; under surface paler, with white median band 
on hindwing more sharply defined, the black submedian band narrower and the submarginal lines somewhat 
darker. The $ from western Java has been excellently figured by Horsfield, only the white markings appear 
i \taimiri. a trifle too bright. Western Java, at an altitude of 2000 ft. above the level of the Sea. -—- taimiri Fruhst. 
(125 a): Both sexes smaller, bands more whitish, median spots on forewing more reduced and farther apart, 
distally convex. Beneath the subapical spots on forewing larger and united to a more compact band; bands 
on hindwing suffused with violet. Eastern Java, from near Lawang, Tengger Mountains up to 3000 ft. of alti- 
infuscata. tude. — infuscata Hag. Beneath somewhat paler than vikasi , in size smaller than ilira Kheil, apex of forewing 
ilira. more blunt than in Nias $. Mentawej, one pair in Tring Museum. — ilira Kheil (125 a) differs in $ from 
vikasi in the pure white subapical spots on forewing; under surface darker, hindwing with violet subbasal 
kheili. band, forewing with similar streak in cell. — - kheili Moore (= lasara Fruhst. [125 b] both described in 1899) 
represents the form of the rainy-season. $ has the ground-colour darker, rather black than brown, subapical 
spots smaller, but purer white and more roundish, occasionally dusted with grey. Hindwing with narrower, 
clear white subbasal band. $ with shorter white subapical and median spots, and with more distinct white 
submarginal bands on both wings. Under surface darker brown, hindwing without a trace of violet lustre; 
batunensis. specimens of the wet-season larger than those of the dry-season. Nias, not abundant. — batunensis subsp. 
nov. approximates again more to the Javanese vikasi', above with much paler stripes than ormeroda Moore from 
Sumatra. Under surface paler, traversed by broader yellow-brown bands than in vikasi and ormeroda. Pulo 
pallantia. Tello, Batu Islands. •— pallantia subsp. nov. is remarkable for the whitish-yellow bands (also in c?)on the upper 
celebica. surface of the hindwing in which it recalls lasara Fruhst. from Nias. Island of Banka. — celebica Moore. $ 
according to Moore larger than the Javanese vikasi, with broader median bands on hindwing and darker 
oresia. under surface which is more brown than white. J unknown. South Celebes. - — oresta subsp. nov., described 
from a <$ taken by Dr. Platen in the Minahassa (type in the Statidinger Collection in the Berlin Museum), 
is above darker, beneath paler than vikasi Horsf. from Java, more profusely suffused with violet and with 
narrower transverse bands on the under surface of hindwing. Forewings more rounded than in taimiri Fruhst. 
palawanica. Minahassa, North Celebes. — palawanica Stgr. is darker than vikasi, which it also surpasses in size; paler than 
omeroda-, transverse bands essentially broader than in salpona. $ not unlike ilira $ from Nias, with still larger, 
wedge-shaped, white subapical spots, 3 median spots on forewings and a white median band on hindwing, 
widening out costally, strongly tapering basally. Submarginal band on hindwing is, as in salpona, yellowish 
vibusa. brown. Palawan. -- vibusa Semp. appears .from Semper’s figure to be a local form of vikasi-, under surface 
characterized by two violet transverse bands on hindwing. Sibulan, Mindanao, Southern Philippines. 
kahoga. N. kahoga Fruhst. differs from ilira Kheil and kheili Moore in the paler yellow-brown colouring of the 
upper surface and the more pointed, wedge-shaped spots on forewing which are placed farther from the costal 
margin. $$ have the basal band on hind wing narrower, widening in front, thinning out towards the anal 
margin; its costal portion is Avhite, the anal portion yellowish-grey, whereas in kheili this band is broader, 
of equal width and clear white throughout. On hindwing we find in addition a second, yellowish-grey median 
band lacking in the forms of vikasi, and a rather curved submarginal stripe as well as an anteterminal line distin¬ 
guishing also vikasi-ilira Kheil. Forewing of $ with four, that of $ with five, white wedge-shaped spots; $ 
shows in addition just below the submedian a blurred patch of white. The under surface is at once distinguished 
by the faded grey-brown ground-colour, richly adorned with wliite. Island of Nias. 
