622 
NEPTIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
apex; submarginal bands on forewing light brown. The hindwing is traversed by a thin postmedian and a similar 
antemarginal line, between which there is a broader, somewhat paler submarginal band. Forewing with 3 
white subapical spots, the rapper one like a very thin streak, the two lower ones wedge-shaped. Between the 
medians two oblong, egg-shaped, white patches, the upper one smaller than the lower; the lower median and the 
submedian enclose a nearly square spot, and in addition we notice at the inner margin another longish 
white spot slightly shaded with grey. On the hindwing a broad, oblique, clear white subbasal band, rounded 
toward the costa and tapering anally. Under surface has the ground-colour black, all markings which are light 
brown above, much more prominent and broader, the submarginal bands on the forewing wdrite, on hind¬ 
wing pale brown-yellow. On the forewing we notice, moreover, two transcellular brown dots, on the hind¬ 
wing a narrow and short basal, and a broader and longer subbasal band, which latter is proximally whitish, 
distally fulvous. Body and abdomen ventrally reddish, laterally grey, dorsally black. $ larger than 3> with 
more conspicuous white spots and broader yellowish bands beneath than in 3- Palawan. 
tawayana. N. nirvana inhabits exclusively the Celebian Subregion. Our figures of tawayana (125 c, d) illustrate 
well the curiously notched bands. The several insular forms differ only in the greater or smaller width and the 
sangira. colour of the transverse stripes. — sangira Fruhst. is a form I noticed in the British Museum ( God max 
nirvana, collection) with much paler bands than nirvana and neriphus. Sangir. — nirvana Fldr., from Lorquix's 
collection, was presumably found in North Celebes. Westwood reports an allied form from Talisse or Tali- 
sin Island north of Minahassa. — tawayana Fruhst. (125 c, d) from South Celebes is distinguished from the 
northern form by the narrower bands, the smaller orange-red spots and the more profuse black colouring of the 
neriphus. upper surface. South Celebes, Patunang, January. — neriphus Flew., a melanotic insular form of nirvana, 
with broader red markings; the black bands beneath more prominent and sharply defined. Sula Mangoli and 
Besi. 
diginosa. N. fuliginosa bears a superficial resemblance to N. nitetis gatanga Fruhst. (125 a); in size it approaches 
rather N. ebusa-laetitia Fruhst. (126 b), whereas the markings, especially of the Nias form, recall gatanga. 
Although ranging all over the Macromalayan Region, fuliginosa and its allies count among the rarest Neptidi, 
and only very few specimens have so far found their way into European collections. Of the Continental subspecies 
we know two sharply differentiated seasonal forms: fuliginosa Moore, a small form of the dry-season, above 
banded with grey-yellow, beneath black-brown with yellow stripes. Found at Moulmain and in South Tenasse- 
thamala. rim, October. — thamala Moore from the Mergui Archipelago; $ above with brown-yellow, beneath with 
beautiful ochreous bands on a pale red-brown ground. It is pretty certain that fuliginosa will be discovered 
monata. also in Perak. —- monata Weyenbergh from Banka was figured by Snellen in Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 
serapica. 1897 t. 6, f 3. — • serapica Fruhst. differs from fuliginosa Moore in the larger subapical spots on the forewing 
and the narrower submedian band on the hindwing, from arnoldi in the more delicate grey markings on both 
wings. Of serapica (the precious, on account of its scarcity) Martin has only captured 3—4 specimens 
arnoldi. in 13 years. North-Eastern Sumatra, March 1894, 1 3 i n Fruhstorfer collection. — arnoldi Fruhst. is larger 
than serapica, smaller than thamala Moore $, with all grey markings, especially the apical spots, much larger 
cura. than in the latter. Samarinda, South-East Borneo (A. Kueckenthal), Borneo (Shelford). — cura Weym. 
has all the bands narrower than in the preceding forms; on forewing the subapical spots are clear white and 
not yellowish or grey. Nias, 2 36 1 $ in Fruhstorfer collection. 
N. ebusa, originally described from Mindoro, has so far only been found in the Central and Southern 
laetitia. Philippines. — laetitia Fruhst. (126 b) differs from the name-type in that the subapical and median spots 
on the forewing are roundish instead of oblong, the transverse bands on the hindwings narrower and darker. 
My specimens have the ground-colour more grey. Bazilan, collected in February and March by W. Doherty. 
euphemia. — euphemia Fruhst. is smaller than the preceding form, ground-colour darker, median spots on forewing paler 
hegesandira. and more regular. Beneath the black bands obsolete, the brown and yellow bands broader. Jolo. -— hege- 
sandira subsp. nov. circumscribes a dark form which, although generally larger than laetitia, has the subapical 
spots much smaller, white, dusted with grey; also the transverse stripes are deeper grey-brown. $$ have the 
ebusa. under surface more red-brown, the bands of a yellowish shade. Mindanao. — ebusa Fldr., the palest of the 
known insular forms, with broader, whitish transverse bands above; submarginal band on hindwing double. 
Forewing with more prominent intramedian spots. Mindoro; flies all the year round. I consider it highly 
probable that fuliginosa Moore represents only the Indo-Malayan branch of ebusa; but I lack sufficient 
material to be able to decide this question. Should my supposition be confirmed, all the insular forms enume¬ 
rated under fuliginosa will have to be classed with ebusa. 
