626 
PANTOPORIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
ji na . p. jina (Vol. I, p. 186) resembling P. perius (124 f) in size and arrangement of markings, but like pra- 
vara with an undivided, distally broader, clear white cellular streak. Under surface reddish-brown, banded 
with white, remarkable for the complete absence of blackish or brown spots. Three local forms must be mentio¬ 
ned: jina Moore, one of the rarest Athyma species, since in the course of many years I have only found one spe¬ 
cimen among at least 50—60 000 butterflies sent to me from Sikkim. Elwes states that it is only found in the 
dense forests at elevations of from 6—8000 ft., where it was taken in July. According to De Niceville it occurs 
jinoides. also in April, which I can confirm. — The Chinese form is jinoides Moore (Vol. I, p. 186) which unlike jina is 
very abundant on Omeishan, up to 6000 ft. of altitude, during June and July. Thus the real home of the 
sauteri. species is China, whence it has spread also to Formosa. — Here we find as a great rarity sauteri subsp. nov. 
which has the white median band on hindwing almost twice as broad as in jina and jinoides, but, true to its 
insular character, the white submarginal spots smaller, not arranged so as to form a continuous band, but widely 
separated. Formosa, only 1 <$; type in the German Entomological Museum at Berlin-Dahlem to which 
Mr. Sauter presented a pretty large collection. 
jortuna. P. fortuna Leech (Vol. I, p. 186, pi. 59 d) shares with jina the undivided cellular streak, but differs 
beneath in having on the hindwing the basal area irrorated with blue, like P. nefte. — diffusa Leech seems 
to represent an extreme dry-season form, on account of the broadly diffuse white spotting on both wings. Ac¬ 
cording to Leech it is found exclusively in Central China, in Chang-Yang and Ichang on the Yangtse, June and 
July, pretty abundant. 
P. perius is not only the oldest known species which is most frequently seen in collections, but has among 
all species the widest range, without, however, inclining towards the development of local varieties, Java 
alone being excepted. This would seem to prove perius to be a highly developed and insistent, phylogeneti- 
perius. cally very old species, perius L. (Vol. I, p. 186, pi. 59 a d*?; IX 124 f $ instead of <$) found throughout 
Southern Asia, from Formosa through South China, Tonkin, Annam, Siam, the eastern and western Himalayas as 
far as the South of India; Hainan; also on the Sunda Islands from Sumatra to Sumbawa and Sumba, Kangean. 
In Ceylon perius is not found. In Formosa, China and Tonkin the rainy-season form has the white spotting 
reduced, corresponding to our figure in Vol. I, and Niceville reports in addition from Darjeeling and Bhotan 
an uncommonly dark form with brownish under surface. Specimens from Sumatra are remarkable for the 
broader, clear white bands, indicating a transition to perinus. In the Kumaon Himalayas perius ascends to 
perinus. altitudes of 6000 ft., but generally prefers the lower plains and open places instead of the woods. — perinus 
Fruhst. is, analogous to all the Athyma forms of Java, distinguished by the broader white bands; one might 
take it for a dry-season form, if I had not encountered it in Java at all seasons and from the coast up to 
an elevation of 4000 ft., without displaying any change in its external appearance. From perius it differs in the 
broader white markings on both wings, especially in the subbasal band on the hindwing which is clear white 
and nearly twice as wide; only the submarginal band has a tendency to grow narrower. On the under surface 
of the forewing the white subapical and submarginal spots which in perius are widely separated, flow together 
into a continuous band. East and West Java. As above said, perius prefers, unlike all the other Athyma 
species which inhabit the woods, the open fields, being very common everywhere along roads and paths, and 
flying even during heavy rainshowers. Larva in India on Glochidion, in Java also on a species of Phyllanthus 
called by the natives Dempul-Lolot. 
P. asura ranges over the South Chinese-Indian Region and Macro mal ay an a. It is easily distinguished 
from the other Athymidi by the black centre of the white submarginal spots on the hindwings, both above 
and beneath. The under surface (cf. Vol. I, pi. 59 a) varies from pale to dark red-brown, the white submarginal 
spots, especially on the hindwings, being often suffused with a lovely violet lustre. The $ is much larger 
than the with yellowish-white bands above, which recur beneath in the shape of clear white patches proxi- 
chvesi. mally suffused with greenish-blue, elwesi Leech (Vol. I, p. 186, pi. 59 a) has the narrowest white bands. From 
Changyang to the farthest Setchuan-Tibet border, at elevations of about 6000 ft., in June and July; every- 
hadia. where scarce. — baelia Fruhst. is inferior in size to elwesi , but has the white median bands on both wings 
broader. Under surface somewhat darker, otherwise, aside from the broader median bands, only differing in 
the white subapical spots on forewing being more prominent. Mountains of Formosa, near Chip-Chip and on 
[asura. Leliiku Lake, at elevations of about 3800 ft., in June and July. Discovered by H. Sauter. — asura Moore 
has on the upper surface the bands still broader and of a yellowish tone. $ almost as large as P. larymna 
<3 (124 d), under surface paler red-brown than the other forms. Moore figured also the form of the dry-season, 
with clear white, very broadbands, resembling specimens taken by me in Annam during January. FromKulu to 
