630 
PANTOPORlA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
ours from Nepal to Burma and Tenasserim, common in Sikkim, from March till December, up to about 3000 ft. 
karwara. Doherty found it in March in the Karen Hills. — karwara Fruhst. (124 c) completely lacks, in contradistinction 
to North Indian specimens, all white submarginal spots; forewings with only 7 greatly diminished, clear white 
instead of yellowish white spots, standing out boldly from the black ground. Under surface has all the spots 
greenish basally, clear white in the discal area, the submarginal spots larger and more conspicuous than in ranga 
mahesa. On the hindwing the green basal irroration in the anal region is darker, broader and extending farther 
toward the middle of the wing. From Karwar. Quite common; larva in August on the above mentioned plants. 
Regarding South Indian specimens Moores tates that the rainy-season form has on both wings the submarginal 
and marginal lunules above broader and of dark grey hue; on the under surface all the markings are broader 
and dark greenish-grey. $ of the dry-season form has likewise all the spots above larger than in specimens 
from North India; also beneath the spots are more conspicuous, the discal and submarginal bands on hind¬ 
wing confluent anally. Nilgiris, up to 3800 ft. Scarce. 
arayat'u P. arayata Senip. takes the place of ranga in the Philippines, where it has so far been found only 
in Luzon. I only know it from Semper’s figure, which has on the forewing the subapical spots very small, 
the median and subanal spots very large; hindwing with very broad anterior band and very small submarginal 
spots; all markings of clear white colour. Hindwing more broadly suffused with pale blue beneath, and in the 
place of the white submarginal spots some black-brown sagittate streaks along the veins. Mount Arayat, at 
an elevation of about 3000 ft., April. Only 6 known. 
P. abiasa forms the continuation of the continental P. ranga in the Macromalayan Region, where 
cl erica, together with other allies it has advanced as far as Southern Tenasserim. — - clerica Btlr. shares with ranga 
the white markings and the blue-green spots in the discoidal cell of the forewing; but has the bands narrower, 
uniformly broad, and also the outer band on hindwing very distinct, never obsolete as in ranga. Beneath 
resembling reta Moore, but more broadly suffused with blue. Mergui Archipelago, Malay Peninsula, North 
liny ana. Eastern and Western Sumatra. — • lingana Fruhst. has in $ the white subapical band on the forewing and 
all the bands on the hindwing broader and clearer white than in clerica. Btlr. from Malay Peninsula, and much 
larger than in abiasa or matanga. The submarginal band on the under surface of the hindwing uniformly broad 
from costa to anal angle, the single spots being not separated but confluent. Linga, type in Berlin Museum. 
vedanias. — • pedanias subsp. nov. from the island of Banka differs from P. abiasa clerica in the narrower white median 
abiasa, bands and paler under surface. Type in the Munich Museum. — abiasa Moore from Java was not recognized 
until 1906, when I reinstated it into its rights. It is above distinguished by the large intramedian and sub¬ 
median spots which give it a certain resemblance to P. arayana Semp. Very scarce. I found during 3 years 
only 1 J on the Vulcano Gede and 1 $ in the Tengger Mountains in East Java, at an elevation of about 
matanga. 3800 ft. —• matanga Fruhst. (124 d), has all the white spots on both wings smaller than in abiasa and, 
especially in §, than clerica. The white submarginal band on the hindwing of $ is composed of helmet¬ 
shaped instead of square or roundish spots. It is much larger than abiasa, $ measuring 35 mm against 28 mm 
adunora. in the latter. Mount Matang, 3000 ft., Pontianak, Kina Balu, Borneo. — adunora Kheil resembles above 
P. reta syma Fruhst. (124 d) in the diminished white spotting. The cellular streak on fore wing is still more 
reduced than in abiasa Moore from Java, being a mere thread, the blue-green basal irroration obsolete, con¬ 
trasting with clerica and matanga. Beneath like reta Jcresna, with pale brown ground-colour and darker median 
spots. Island of Nias, very scarce, only a few specimens known. in my collection. 
urvasi. P. urvasi Fldr., one of the most interesting species, confined to the Malay Archipelago whence only 
3—4 specimens have come to Europe, urvasi may be called white with a deep black border, black base and 
submarginal band on forewing and median band on hindwing. All the rest clear white, the large median area 
deeply notched on the median vein. Under surface brown. 
opalina. P. opalina Roll, a purely Indo-Chinese species which is not found outside of the Continent, constricta 
constrida. Alph. (Vol. I, p. 187, pi. 59 b), the darkest form in the collective species, with the narrowest bands. Near 
orientalis. Changyang on the Yangtse, and on Omeishan at elevations of from 6—-9000 ft. —• orientalis Elw. (124 c) from 
Assam and Sikkim, is by some authors looked upon as the rainy-season form of opalina Roll, from the Western 
Himalayas. But my palest specimens frcm Sikkim of the most extreme dry-season are still darker than the 
darkest specimens from the Western Himalayas, and from Assam I have never yet seen a dry-season form 
at all. In the Himalayas opalina is very common at altitudes of from 3800—9500 ft., from Cashmere to Assam, 
between March and November, one brood following the other. Specimens from Burma, China and the Karen 
Hills are of a slightly lighter shade than those from Assam, approaching rather those from the Western Hi¬ 
malayas. In Tonkin opalina must also occur. My specimens from Mardan in the North-West Province have 
the broadest bands. From Annam I possess specimens of a local form resembling Athyma jina Moore = 
