PANTOPORJA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
633 
I 
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Publ. 25. X. 
1912. 
from the Continent. 
Lake, in July. 
Common in the mountainous parts of Formosa, at Polisha, Chip-Chip and on Lehiku 
P. ambra inhabits the Macromalayan Region with the exclusion of Java; undoubtedly it is a variety 
of the proceeding species. A has above the red subapical spot obsolete, the narrow median area on both wings 
quite faintly bordered with blue, on the hindwing the submarginal band distinct and white instead of trans¬ 
lucent dull smoky-grey. Under surface darker than in cama, with all the white bands narrower. Also the $ 
has the bands very narrow. Three distinct local forms, one of which from Sumatra might almost pass as a se¬ 
parate species. — ambra Stgr. (124 a) is beneath dark grey with greenish lustre and an intense purplish suffusion ambra. 
over the white bands. $ distinguished by the sharp pointed wings and by the uncommonly narrow fulvous subapical 
and median bands which are arranged somewhat like in cama , but are smaller than in $$ of the other Athyma 
and Panto poria species, resembling in colouring those of Neptis ananta Moore , in shape Neptis anjana Moore. 
Under surface coffee-brown, banded with dark red-brown and whitish-violet. North Borneo; A rather scarce, on 
Kina-Balu at an altitude of about 3800 ft.; of $ only one specimen known, contained in Fruhstorfer’s col¬ 
lection. — assa Nicev. (124 c) differs from ambra in the distinct white cellular streak, the more pronounced assa. 
red spotting on the forewing, and the nearly twice as broad terminal band on the hinclwing. Beneath paler 
brown with increased white markings. $ of which only 1 specimen is known in Grose-Smith’s collection, 
resembles ambra On the mountains of Sumatra from 3000 ft. up, pretty scarce; also from the Battak-Plateau 
and the Padang Bovenlanclen. — gynea Swinh. of which only 3 specimens came to us from Perak, resembles gynea. 
beneath assa, only with a more prominent subapical spot of red-orange than in cama. 
P. nefte is the most gaudily coloured species of the Genus, exhibiting at the same time a tendency 
toward sexual differentiation, both in colouring and shape of wings. Showing, moreover, considerable incli¬ 
nation toward individual variation and, in some subspecies, toward the development of climatic (seasonally 
dimorphic) forms, their identification frequently meets with great difficulties; and it is easy to understand why 
the heteromorphic $$ have almost without exception been described as distinct species, and why even within 
recent times some English authors failed to recognize the relationship of the sexes. All forms of nefte have as a 
common characteristic a small whitish or reddish subapical spot, a prominent transcellular transverse band 
and a white streak in the discoidal cell on the forewing of the <$<3- Hindwing traversed by two white bands, 
the upper one of which invariably broader than the submarginal one. $9 resembling those of cama, but differing 
underneath in the steeper position of the white bands. The Continental subspecies have developed seasonal 
forms, whereas in the Macromalayan Region the $$ are polychrome, one form having the upper surface banded 
with grey-brown, resembling Neptis, the other with red-brown. Only of the Indian form the larva is known; 
it feeds on several species of Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) and Mussaenda frondosa, a species of Rubiacea well 
known for the fact that in New Guinea it attracts Ornithoptera paradisea. Larva cylindrical, with 6 rows of finely- 
branching spines, those on the back longer than on the sides, and again those on the third and fourth segments 
longer than all the others; but the second segment without any whatever. Legs armed at base with single short 
spines. Colour green, with a large brown spot on the ninth segment. Head dark brown, covered with short, 
single brown spines and white tubercles. Pupa like that of P. ranga Moore, but with the posterior dorsal 
appendages longer and more strongly bent outwards (Davidson and Aitken). — inara Dbd. (124 e) differs inara. 
from cama in that the AS have the upper surface of both wings traversed by a reddish submarginal band; 
it is without any doubt the showiest form of the collective species. The dry-season form varies more in $$ 
than in AS> the former with very broad bands of pale yellow (123 d), beneath differing from the otherwise iden¬ 
tical cama $ in the pale, incomplete semi-band on the hindwing which does not traverse the entire wing, but 
stops at the upper median. The $ of the rainy-season form, inarina Btlr. (123 c) is beneath darker brown- inarina. 
yellow, with prominent red-brown median spots which, being generally wanting in cama $, are also in A °f tire 
rainy-season form more distinct than in cama A , but are hardly ever noticed in the form inara of the dry- 
season. Common from Nepal to Assam, at lower altitudes. It is probable that the specimens from the South 
of India represent a local form of their own; in Burma inara is replaced by asita Moore (123 e) of which we like¬ 
wise know two seasonal forms: asita Moore, most likely peculiar to the dry-season, has the submarginal band asita. 
on the hindwing white and all white bands narrower; under surface darker brown than in inara and marina. 
The summer-form asifina Fruhst. has the submarginal band on the hindwing narrow and fulvous instead of white, asitina. 
$ above reddish ochreous, darker than asita, with narrower light bands, especially of the under surface. From 
Burma, Tenasserim and the Shan States, collected by me in Tonkin during August and September (the dry- 
season). asita connects inara with the Macromalayan forms of nefte. — seitzi Fruhst. (124e) approaches in A seitzi. 
asita Moore from Tenasserim and Tonkin in the white submarginal band on the upper surface of the hindwing, 
but differs in having the white median band on the forewing broader and margined with pale instead of dark 
violet. The $ is intermediate between that of inarina Btlr. from Sikkim, and tenuifasciata Fruhst. from Tonkin, 
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