634 
PANTOPORIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
both in the depth of orange colouring and in the shape and extent of the brown-yellow bands on the fore wing. 
These bands are neither quite as light as in Sikkim nor as dark as in Tonkin $<$, moreover somewhat nar¬ 
rower than in inarina and essentially broader than in tenuifasciata. Beneath the $ differs from the pale yellow 
inara and the dark cocoa-brown tenuifasciata in its faded coffee-brown colouring. Hongkong, collected by Dr. 
Seitz. Not at all scarce from December until May, the second broad appearing towards the end of March. Visits 
nivifera. the blossoms of Poinsettia. — nivifera Btlr. represents, according to Bingham, the form from the Malay Penin¬ 
sula, ranging northward as far as the Mergui Archipelago where it gradually passes into asita Moore, nivifera 
subrata. was based upon from Perak; but this name is superseded by the older subrata Moore although Moore’s 
description referred to the scarce grey-brown $ from the Malay Peninsula which resembles that of gandara 
neftina. (124b). Another, commoner $ form occurring together with subrata, was described by me in 1906 as neftina 
Fruhst. ; its colour is more orange-red. It resembles the $$ of cama, seitzi and even more closely matthiola 
matthiola. (124 b), but is easily distinguished from the latter by having the fulvous bands nearly twice as wide. — mat¬ 
thiola subsp. nov. (124b) differs from nivifera in the much narrower white bands of the , and the brown 
and fulvous bands of both $ forms. Type from North Borneo, abundant also in South-East Borneo and Pon- 
subratina. tianak. — subratina subsp. nov. stands midway between nivifera Btlr. and matthiola Fruhst. <$, having the 
white bands narrower than nivifera, but wider than matthiola. The same relative difference we notice also in 
the two $ forms, the red one being throughout the Macromalayan Region by far the more abundant. Also 
here we find, as in P. nefte asita Moore, paler and deeper ochreous specimens. Common in Sumatra, where 
according to Martin it prefers the alluvia! plains, although I have also received specimens from the higher 
nefte. altitudes of the Padang Bovenlanden. — A similar form, connecting with nivifera, also in Banka. — nefte Cr. 
(124 b), a typical Java butterfly, is distinguished from all the other forms of the collective species by the very 
broad, white median bands which are suffused with a faint bine or violet tinge. Also the $ which was already 
gandara. known to Cramer, has the ochreous bands unusually broad; the other, grey-brown $ form is gandara Fldr. 
(124 b). Both kinds of $$ occur together throughout Java, but are in the East paler and generally also smaller 
cordigera. than in the western part of the island; everywhere up to about 2200 ft. — cordigera Fruhst. (124 c) closely 
approaches nefte, but has the white bands, although not quite so broad, more richly bordered with blue. Of the 
$ we only are acquainted so far with the ochreous form, which above resembles that of subratina from Sumatra, 
but has the median band on hindwing narrower; under surface of a more intense reddish shade, with darker 
brown bands than in the other forms. Batu Islands. 
rufula. P. rufula Nicev. represents nefte in the Andaman Islands, but differs sufficiently from the other insular 
and continental forms to be granted specific rights. Both sexes are more or less alike, the $ approaching 
gtora. P. glora Kheil (124b) (which in the orange-coloured submarginal band on the hindwing recalls asitina Fruhst. 
and inara Dbd.), whereas the BS closely resemble above those of nefte Cr. from Java, but beneath rather appro¬ 
ximate subrata Moore, glora q not unlike cordigera <$, but the median bands above more profusely suffused 
with blue, often as far as the discoidal cell. Very common on the island of Nias. 
P. marguritha represents a highly developed side-branch of nefte, uniting the characteristics of two 
Pantoporia species. <$ still retains the type of nefte, whereas the $ both in the shape of the wings and in colour¬ 
ing rather approaches jadava Fldr. of the selenophora Foil. Group, marguritha is an excellent illustration of the 
great influence wrought by apparently insignificant causes, the difference of a few degrees of Latitude and the 
peculiar climate of the satellite islands producing, by gradual mutation, a new species. Two forms are hitherto 
marguritha. known, both contained in my collection: marguritha Fruhst. (124 a) has the under surface more faded than in the 
other forms of nefte, $ but slightly paler grey-brown than Lombok, April, June, 2000 ft. Very scarce. ■— 
glorifica. glorifica Fruhst. differs from the Lombok form in having the white median bands on both wings considerably 
broader, paler and more richly adorned with blue. Also the white subapical spots are larger, and the hindwing 
displays on the upper surface, above the submedian nervure, a large round spot, which is barely indicated in 
■marguritha. Linder surface has the ground-colour darker, the white markings broader and more conspicuous: 
Very scarce in Sumba; Doherty captured only 1 $ at an altitude of about 3200 ft. In Eruhstorfer’s col¬ 
lection 2 BS from Sumba, 2 CS and 1 $ from Sumbawa. The latter differs from marguritha $ in having the 
white submarginal band on the hindwing about % broader, a characteristic which is even more conspicuous on 
the under surface. I expect that marguritha will eventually also be discovered in Flores and Timor. In the other 
Smaller Sunda Islands and Celebes nefte is not represented, but reappears in the Philippines as 
maenas. P. maenas, of which 3 forms are known: maenas Fldr. ; upper surface marked somewhat like asita 
Moore, but the submarginal band on hindwing yellowish or whitish; under surface characterized by the ochreous 
median bands on both wings. $ remarkable for the unusually narrow bands. Type from Burias, an island 
scmpcri. adjacent to Luzon. — semperi Moore (nom. nud.) circumscribes the more southern form from Mindanao, figured 
