PANTOPORIA. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
635 
by Semper. <$ with very broad ochreous submarginal band on the hindwing; $ with extremely narrow ochreous 
bands, resembling those of P. magindana Semp., and in colouring about intermediate between those of nefte Cr. 
$ and of $ fa. gandara Fldr. and £ fa. subrata Moore. Flies from March till December. From Bohol and the 
Central Philippines we may expect some additional insular forms. — maenides Fruhst. (124 a) S has on the maenides. 
forewing the subapical spots narrower and separated by broader black veins than in maenas from 
Mindanao. Subbasal band on hindwing more broadly white, submarginal band white instead of yellow. 
The under surface reveals its melanotic character in having the ground-colour black instead of brown-yellow, 
the whioe markings reduced, and all black spots and bands proportionately increased. Island of Bazilan, col¬ 
lected by Doherty in February and March. 
In Palawan we find P. speciosa Stgr. Ground-colour pale brown with gold-like lustre, median band speciosa. 
uncommonly broad, upper portion of cell dusted with violet. $ has the white bands narrower, without the 
shading of "violet in the cell. Under surface brown-yellow, marked with dull white bands, accompanied distally 
by a brown-yellow band which faintly shows through on the upper surface. Hindwing has the basal area 
suffused with pale blue as in all the forms of nefte. Island of Palawan, very scarce. — preciosa subsp. nov., preciosa. 
marked somewhat like speciosa, but has the violet and white portions of the forewing of <$$, as well as the 
more yellowish-white band on the hindwing of $$ broader above. Ground-colour beneath darker, spotted 
with deeper brown in the basal area on both wings. Island of Balabac, type in the Stafdikger Collection, 
Berlin. 
P. kasa is one of the most variable Philippine species, Luzon producing two seasonal forms, and the 
southern islands a number of local varieties, kasa Moore (124 f) represents the rainy-season form. $ larger, kasa. 
having all bands broader and clearer white, cellular streak and submarginal band on hindwing smoky-brown. 
Under surface brillant yellow, reminding us of Athyma perius L., but darker brown at the apex. Both wings 
pale blue at base. Median area of hindwing adorned with two rows of black dots. — kasina Fruhst. has all the kasina. 
white markings broader, the median bands on both wings more rectilinear, submarginal band on hindwing 
beneath broader than in kasa, somewhat like in parakasa Semp. Larva which was discovered by Dr. Koch 
and figured by Semper, is emerald green with pale green tubercles; under side and eighth segment brown-red. 
Head black with white tubercles. Feeds on a species of Euphorbiacea with the Tagal name “Bignay”, probably 
of the Genus Antidesma. Common in Luzon from January until October, also in the Babuyanes. — bignayana bignayana. 
Fruhst. is distinguished from kasa by the much broader cellular stripe, subapical strigae and median bands as 
well as ultracellular spots on the forewing. Also the submarginal band on the hindwing is more distinct. Type 
from the island of Guimaras, known for the peculiarity of its Fauna. Also from Pollilo similar specimens in the 
Semper Collection. — parakasa Semp. from Cebu and the Camotes contrasts with bignayana in the narrower parakasa. 
white spots and median bands, and the more prominent, clear white submarginal band on the hindwing. Fe¬ 
bruary. -—- privata Fruhst. has the white markings of the upper surface as in parakasa Semp., but much nar- privata. 
rower than in kasa Moore', differs from parakasa in having the submarginal band on the upper surface of the hind¬ 
wing brown-yellow instead of white, and on the under surface much narrower than in either parakasa or kasa. 
Type in the Berlin Museum, labelled “Philippines”, locality unknown. 
P. tarpa Stgr. is an other species peculiar to Pal avail; perhaps it should be drawn to kasa. Staudestger tarpa. 
only received one Upper surface black, marked as in kasa. Linder surface brown with conspicuous white 
submarginal band, accompanied proximally by larger black spots. The black basal band on hindwing not dotted 
with black as in kasa. 
P. godmani reminds us somewhat of maenas Fldr. and subrata S of the nefte. Group, from which it is easily 
distinguished by the monomorphic, male-like Only two forms are known: godmani Stgr. , marked above godmani. 
like reducta (123 e), beneath pale-brown, with black-brown submarginal spots and violet anteterminal band. Me¬ 
dian zone with large, deep brown spots. Confined to Palawan and the small island of Balabac. Upon the latter 
we meet also the form reducta Fruhst. (123 e). S above darker than godmani, almost jet black; but all white reducta. 
bands broader. Under surface with more prominent black spots and sharply defined bands. $ is smaller in size, 
wings narrower and more rounded. Forewing with narrower white markings, especially of the median band. 
Subbasal band on hindwing suffused with a violet lustre. The blackish-brown postdiscal band more curved 
and pronounced, succeeded by a paler submarginal band; the marginal and antemarginal bands broader and 
darker. Balabac, December. $ in Frhhstorfer’s, $ type in Stattdinger’s Collection. 
P. venata Stgr. comes nearest to godmani, but has the brown colouring limited to the cell and a few venata. 
rays along the veins beyond. The white macular row of the forewing lacks the middle spot. Under surface 
dirty greenish-grey, like in nefte $$. Discoiclal cell of forewing not streaked with white, but only irrorated 
with greenish basally. Palawan, only one pair known. 
P. separata Stgr. is likewise known only from Palawan, where it is one of the most characteristic separata. 
