636 
PANTOPORIA. By H. Frtjhstoreer. 
butterflies. Above black, with a white band made up of eight spots. Hindwing with a similar band. Under 
surface dirty brown, with brownish submarginal band enclosing two rows of small spots, one sharp pointed 
and black, the other whitish. 
gutama. P. gutama is quite common in Palawan, but seems very scarce in the other Philippine Islands, since 
I never received it either from Luzon or Bazilan; presumably it will be discovered also in the Central 
and Eastern Philippines. So far we know only two forms: gutama Moore, above much darker than the form 
from the Southern Philippines. Subapical spots smaller, cell partly streaked with white instead of only with 
grey-brown. Under surface with broader black and reduced brown-yellow bands. Luzon (June) Mindoro, 
teldeni'ya. Guimaras. — teldeniya subsp. nov. (123 e as gutama), a distinct insular form of paler colour, with intense brown - 
yellow streaks in the discoidal cell of the forewing, and a similar submarginal band on the hindwing. Under 
surface with broader and paler brown bands than in specimens from Luzon and Mindoro. Palawan, January, 
not scarce. 
P. epimethis is a rare species, Semper obtaining only two dU; $ being unknown to him. The latter 
greatly resembles the (J, but is, as usually, larger, with more rounded wings; all spots and bands larger and some¬ 
what paler than in also beneath. Judging from the material at my disposal, I do not hesitate in treating 
gordia Fldr. which hitherto was considered to be a species by itself, as a local form of epimethis. Its markings 
are the same, only epimethis from Mindoro has the bands broader and on the hindwing the inner submarginal 
band marked with a series of seven black intranerval spots recalling Athyma idita Moore and asura Moore, 
epimethis. whereas in gordia S3 these spots are obsolete, in $$ completely absent. — epimethis Fldr. resembles above 
the figured bazilana (123 e), but has the stripes above broader and in $ more reddish-brown. Under surface 
pale coffee-brown, in <$ the whitish submarginal band on hindwing suffused with purplish, base and median area 
paragordia. of both wings dotted with black as in kasa. Mindoro, flies in December and January. — paragordia Semp., 
gordia. intermediate between kasa Moore and gordia Fldr. Bohol, January till November. — gordia Fldr., type based 
upon the rainy-season form from Mindanao ; upper surface with narrower bands than in epimethis. Under surface 
dark yellow basally, grey-brown distally. The dry-season form differs sufficiently in the whitish subapical 
gordina. spot on the forewing and the white bands on the hindwing to deserve a special name: gordina Fruhst. From 
bazilana. Mindanao, according to Semper also from Camiguin de Mindanao and Leyte. — bazilana Fruhst. (123g) has 
all bands and spots smaller, narrower and paler than gordia from Mindanao. •—- Under surface more sharply 
marked. Bazilan, February and March, collected by W. Doherty. 
P. brujini resembles above epimethis and gordia, beneath gutama, which it seems to replace on some is¬ 
lands, f. i. Bazilan. With gutama it shares the confluent brownish-yellow discoidal streak which is not constricted 
or reaching beyond the cell. In its markings it approaches certain forms of Limenitis from Celebes, which 
cosmia. misled OberthItr to describe a local form of bruijni as “ Limenitis ” bruijni. — cosmia Semp., above very si¬ 
milar to epimethis bazilana Fruhst. (123 e), but bands rather greenish-brown, steeper. Subapical spots on fore¬ 
wing whitish. Under surface pretty gaudy, basal area greenish-blue, bands clear white, median area traversed 
by a yellow, brown bordered stripe. Type from Bohol. Similar forms in the Camotes, North and East Mindanao 
pindola. and Jolo. — pindola Fruhst. has all the bands narrower and more heavily obscured with fuscous, giving it a much 
bruijni. darker appearance, particularly beneath. Bazilan, February, March, collected by W. Doherty. — bruijni 
Oberth. has the bands, both above and beneath, considerably narrower. Island of Sangir, whence only a few 
specimens have come to Europe. Semper calls attention to the peculiar intermittent occurrence in the Philip¬ 
pines and Sangir Islands of white-banded species of Athyma, Limenitis and Neptis. In Luzon and again in 
Palawan far to the South we find species with chiefly white markings, whereas in the intervening islands of 
Mindanao and Mindoro the same species are represented by forms with yellow or brown bands. This inter¬ 
mittent colouring may possibly mean that in the Philippines the Athymidi are still undergoing evolutionary 
changes, representing phylogenetically a younger branch of the family which in the Indian and Insular 
Malayan Regions has in part at least reached the final stage of development. 
P. sulpitia (Vol. I, p. 187, pi. 61 c). This remarkable species forms a transition from the Athyma-Pan- 
toporia groups to Limenitis-, greatly resembling our Limenitis Sibylla, it gives altogether the impression of being 
a Palaearctic species; it is confined to the subtropical portions of Asia, being, as far as known, never found 
north of the twentieth degree of Latitude. It is a distant ally of Limenitis homeyeri Tancre and venata Leech, 
ningpoana. with which Moore united it in his Genus “ Parathyma". — nivigpoana Fldr. (Vol. I. p. 187, pi. 59 b) from Ningpo, 
sulpitia. Central and Western China. — sulpitia Cr. (Vol. I, p. 187, pi. 61 c) inhabits Southern China and was discovered 
by me also in Tonkin. Here I found it in the open woods covering the rocky slopes of the Manson Mountains, 
and on the limestone hills near Than Moi, from April till July, at altitudes of from 2000—3000 ft. Its mode 
