LIMENITIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
637 
of living is that of our Limenitis sibilla L. which was in the first volume (p. 181) wrongly changed to L. Camilla. 
In Hongkong during March and April on Lantana-blossoms. — adamsoni Moore is according to Moore’s figure adamsoni. 
remarkable on account of the narrow submarginal band on the hindwing. Burma, Bhamo, common in October 
and November. — tricula Fruhst. (124 e as sulpitia) has likewise all the white markings reduced, the cellular tricula. 
streak on the forewing dusted with fuscous, the under surface still darker than in ningpoana, the white apical 
spots on forewing smaller. Formosa, rare; only one pair in the Fruhstorfer Collection. 
P. soda Swinh. described by its author as follows: Upper surface black, markings clear white; discoidal soda. 
streak on fore wing divided into three equal parts, the last somewhat broader distally, connecting with a long, 
spear-shaped transcellular spot. In addition a broad subapical band, composed of three subquadrate patches 
separated by the veins; a small dot before the apex, and 3 discoidal, intramedian, oval spots. Forewing moreo¬ 
ver with two pale anteterminal lines; hinclwing with a broader subbasal, and a discal row of spots arranged 
as in selenophora and a pale submarginal line. Under surface pale grey, suffused with reddish, base dusted 
with greenish-blue, bands very broad, also the submarginal line heavier, some white marginal spots. From 
the Solomon Islands, described from a $ said to belong to the selenophora group. This locality seems quite 
extraordinary, in view of the fact that Pantoporia is not found throughout the entire Papuan and Australian 
Regions, and it must therefore be assumed that this species has reached the Solomon Islands from the Philip¬ 
pines. 
Genus: Liniemtis F. 
This Genus differs only in Habitus, but not in Structure, from Pantoporia which it even surpasses in 
the inconstancy of its neuration. Nor do the sexual organs, as far as they have been examined, offer any practi¬ 
cable and reliable means of differentiation. Uncus as in Pantoporia , slightly curved, scaphium but feebly de¬ 
veloped, valve in many species with a dorsal hump which in Lim. (Moduzi ) procris is either lacking or only 
indicated. Valve as a rule chitinized at the end, in procris armed with a series of teeth. Its range of distribu¬ 
tion comprises the entire Palaearctic and Oriental as well as the Macro- and Micromalayan Regions, an unusually 
large number of species being found in Celebes. Also China is with its 13 species superior to India where only 
9 species are found. Being in general found in the higher mountains, but few species inhabit the lower plains; 
in the Himalayas and the adjacent districts it ascends from 3800 to nearly 8000 ft. Its tendency towards the 
development of seasonal forms is but moderate, and sexual Dimorphism is much less apparent than in the Pan- 
toporidi. The earlier stages are but insufficiently known, indeed of only one species. We distinguish between 
three groups, all of which are connected with each other by intermediate forms, none of the characteristics 
used by other authors to circumscribe the Genus being constant. 
A. Lower discocellular of forewing normal: Limenitis F. 
B. Lower discocellular of forewing normal, cell of hindwing occasionally closed*): Auzalcia Moore. 
C. Lower discocellular placed far out distally, resulting in the discoidal cell being longer: Moduza. 
Group A. Limenitis F. 
Of L. sibilla which in Vol. I, p. 181 was wrongly changed to Camilla L., the following forms are known sibilla. 
in the Palaearctic Region: angustata Stgr., is not synonymous with japonica, as stated in I, p. 181, but repre- angustata. 
sents a smaller local form from the Amur District, with still narrower bands. — japonica Men. is limited to japonica. 
the Japanese Islands, but never found on the Continent. Of as well as of ^ a very luxuriant local form 
is known (glorifica form, nov.), having the white band on the forewing continuous, in as much as the empty glorifica. 
space between the upper and middle medians is filled in with a good-sized oval spot, similar to that found in 
normal specimens in the lower median space. Japan; the specimens contained in my collection do not give 
the exact locality. —• puellula Fruhst. is a small-sized local Alpine form found in Southern Switzerland and puellula. 
Savoy; in size and extent of the white band inferior to German specimens, about midway between these and 
angustefasciata Streclcf. Type from Saleve in Savoy. 
L. Camilla was in Vol. I, p. 182 introduced as rivularis Scopoli, without any justification, however, since Camilla. 
Scopoli has figured under the name of rivularis the well known Neptis lucilla Denis. It is found in the mountains 
of Southern Switzerland as the form prodiga Fruhst. which has the row of spots likewise more or less complete; prodiga. 
especially the $$ have on the forewing a large intramedian spot, which is in at least indicated by a dot. 
Type from Saleve; found also in other localities around Geneva; likewise at Pralognan in Savoy. Specimens 
from Southern France and Corsica have in the upper median space as a rule only a dot instead of a larger 
spot. 
*) That the closing of the cell in the hinclwing is only of questionable value in characterizing a Grenus, is plainly 
seen in the Euthaliidi, in which we find within one and the same group species with and without discocellular of the hindwing. 
