LEBADEA. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
643 
but slightly from Moduza\ on the hindwing, however, the cell is open. Palpi very characteristic, the middle 
segment being but slightly curved, the end-segment forming a right angle with it, as a result of which the palpi 
do not protrude so far as in the preceding Genus. The close proximity of the third and fourth subcostal branches 
has its parallel only in the African Genus Hamanumida and certain species of Aterica; however, it must be 
remembered that also in the typical Athyma we frequently find the third subcostal nearer the fourth than to 
the apex of the cell, and in Parthenos they even arise practically at the same point. Sexual organs more delicate 
than in Moduza and Limenitis, on the whole shorter; valve in proportion to the small size of the imago ( P. imi- 
tans) uncommonly broad, its dorsal spur placed nearer the base, indicating thereby its relationship with the 
Pantoporidi and Adelpha. Valve distally without the chitinous point characteristic of Moduza procris. The 
genus is found throughout the Macro-Malayan region, both known species inhabiting the low-lands. 
P. sinope. $$ but a trifle larger than underneath with paler median area. Two forms are known: sinope. 
sinope Moore (124 f), originally described from a £ from Java, type contained in Horsfield’s collection; whereas 
I never found it in Java, it occurs, although not very abundantly, in Sumatra, Singapore and the Malay Penin¬ 
sula; according to Hagen it flies in fruit-orchards, visits the blossoms growing on sunny slopes, and even comes 
to flowering plants placed in open windows. — sinoria Fldr., a darker form, with broader black bands on the sinoria. 
under and upper surface of both wings. Nort h and South-East Borneo, also in the Natuna Islands and Palawan. 
P, imitans Btlr. (124 f), a lovely small form, easily recognized by the white median band on the forewing, imitans. 
On the under surface the black-bands are rather more close together than in sinope Moore, otherwise there is 
no great difference. Island of Nias, very scarce. I expect that on the islands between Nias and Pulo-Wej some 
forms will be found which may be a transition to sinoria and sinope. 
40. Genus: I^eHailea Fldr. 
Formerly the species of Lebadea were united with Limenitis, but were justly separated by Felder 
into a genus of their own, being easily distinguished by the fact that the precostal arises beyond the origin of the 
subcostal, and that the cells are closed on both wings. We repeat here the original diagnosis of the author, 
which will make clear the further characteristics of this genus: “Antennae with thin, very elongate clubs; palpi 
squamate. Eyes naked. Cells closed in both wings. On the forewing the first subcostal arises beyond the middle 
of the cell, the second before the apex, curving downward; the third originating far beyond the middle of the 
wing, likewise, curving downward; the fourth arising shortly beyond near the apex.On forewing the discocellular 
in-curved, 2. and 3. median nervules arising a slight distance beyond. On hindwing precostal out-curved, single, 
arising rather far beyond the origin of the subcostal”.—We may still add, that on the hindwing the discocellular 
joins the median vein exactly midway between the origin of the first and second median nervules (Dr. Schatz). 
Both known species are closely related and easily recognized by the long falcate forewings and the dull 
yellowish-brown ground-colour, which on the upper surface is interrupted by wavy markings, alternating pale 
and dark, and generally also by a white band traversing both wings. They are mainly found in the Macrornalayan 
Region. Sexual organs quite different from those of Pandita and Moduzi; valve with the dorsal appendage 
peculiar to all the Limenitidi, but more rounded, without the sharp edges found in the true Limenitis. Uncus 
exceedingly fine and delicate. They inhabit the low-lands, and are hardly ever found at elevations of above 
2000 ft. They prefer sunny woods interspersed with shrubbery, and are in some places not at all scarce. Their 
flight is very feeble, in contrast with our Limenitis, but still they are shy; taking refuge in low shrubs, on whose 
leaves they rest with expanded wings; only rarely they leave the proximity of the ground. 
L. martha is the oldest name *) of the species better known as ismene. — - ismene Dbd. (122 d) occurs ismene. 
exclusively in Bhotan, Sikkim and Assam, discovered in the Naga Hills by Doherty. Of the two seasonal 
forms which we know, our figure represents that of the rainy season. The winterform is smaller in size, the 
colouring more pale fulvous, the black median spots on the hindwings less pronounced, the under surface 
rather grey than brown-red and the white spotting more faded. The $$ have in either form the apical spots 
on the forewing diminished. Flies from March till November; quite abundant in woods of low elevation above 
the sea. Flight feeble; it frequently alights on leaves, always with wings expanded. —- martha F. is the martha. 
form from Farther India, inferior in size to ismene, with narrower white band on both wings, martha refers 
to the form of the wet season, attenuata Moore (122 d) to that of the dry season. The specimen represented attenuata. 
in the figure came from Southern Annam; distinguished by the unusually heavy black discal spots on hind- 
wings; flies in February. I also collected it in Tonkin, in August and September, likewise near the ruins 
of Angkor and in Central Siam, from December until January, attenuata I took in May at Petichaung near 
Toungo in Tenasserim. Moore mentions also the Mergui Archipelago, where he found it between December 
and March. 
*) Among Fabricius’ types which I had occasion to look over in Copenhagen, I found besides L. martha also the 
Javanese L. alankara which were by Fabricius held to be identical. 
