648 ABROTA; TANAECIA. By H, Fruhstorfer. 
doubledaii. Of N. doubledaii, the only known species, we observe in India three local forms: doublcdaii Wstw. 
siva. (1 14 c), originally described from a $ form was named siva Wstw. (114 c). Both types came from Sylhet. — 
fraterua. fraterna Moore (114 c) refers to of the dry-season. Sikkim and Bhotan as far as the Naga-Hills. Very 
scarce in Sikkim, in April and May, and again in October. But in the Chittagong Hills dozens of $$ were 
found by Doherty. On the whole Sikkim specimens are smaller and paler in colour. The specimens in the Tring 
Museum specially referred to by Moore, 1 found to differ sufficiently from Assam specimens to prompt me to use 
nonius, the name of frnlerna not only in the sense of a seasonal, but also of a local form. — nonius Nicev. is distinguished 
by its inferior size; on the whole it resembles the $ of doubledaii, but the hindwings which are white, streaked 
with black, lack the yellow discal spot. Karen-Hills, at an elevation of from 4—5000 ft., in April and May, 
and again in September. $ unknown. 
43. Genus: Abrola Moore. 
Structurally and morphologically it approaches Limenitis, indicating in shape and colouring a transition 
to the Eutlmliidi. The middle cliscocellular on forewing with recurring vein, otherwise as in Moduza. Median 
spur distinct, on hindwing cell may be open or closed. Only one species is known, leaning towards seasonal 
variation, and of rather irregular distribution. In the lower valleys of Sikkim it is during summer locally quite 
common. They are mostly found in dense forests, resting on leaves with expanded wings. Sexual organs limc- 
nitoid, quite simple. Uncus as in Limenitis , valva elongate, its extremity shaped as in Neurosigma, but only with 
one basal tooth arranged as in Parthenos. 
ganga. A. ganga Moore (123 c) was based on specimens of the rainy season, having on the hindwings the black 
jumna. discal bands rather close together. - jumna Moore is treated by some authors as a distinct species, but it pro¬ 
bably is only a dry-season form. Its colouring is paler, hindwings with isolated black discal patches. During 
my stay in Darjeeling (rainy season) I only could obtain the darker form ganga Moore. $$ occasionally with 
an olive -green lustre on the upper surface, underneath easily distinguished from by the broad, pale brown- 
red patches suffused with violet at their periphery. 
pralii. A. pratti Leech (Vol. I, p. 189, pi. 61 a) appears in the British Museum under the older name confinis 
Fldr. — confinis is scarce in Western China, on Omei-shan and to the South of Yangtsekiang near the city 
furmosanu. of Kwei-tchou. formosana Fruhst. (123 b) was a surprising discovery of Sauter’s. Hitherto only $<$ were 
found, which resemble those of pratti , but with heavier black bands above and with paler and clearer brown- 
yellow under surface. Very scarce, only 4 were taken in the mountains of Formosa; in Fruhstoreek’s 
cm am. collection. — At Mupin we find esvara form, nov., smaller than $ fa. pratti , with paler brown-yellow spots. 
Tribus Eutlialiidi, 
The numerous forms of this group represent a. transition from the Limcnitidi to the Apaturidi, resembling the 
former in structure and morphology, whereas their robust build indicates a relationship whitli the latter. From either group 
they are sharply separated by the peculiar shape of the larva. 
44. Genus: Taiiaocia Btlr. 
Distinguished from the Euthalia proper by the shape of the palpi which have the terminal segment 
extraordinarily long and sharp pointed and joining at almost right angles the middle segment, which is very 
thick at the end; but the terminal segment is of varying length in the different species. Schatz considers 
Tanaecia to be the oldest form of the Euthaliidi , since they do not so plainly display in their colouring the 
sexual Dimorphism distinguishing the majority of the genus Euthalia , in which the <5$ as a rule greatly differ 
from the £?> whereas in Tanaecia they have not developed any separate form. From the shape of the sexual 
organs we can distinguish between three special groups which differ to such a degree that one might very easily 
take them to represent entirely different genera; a difference not again found within the great Nymphalid family 
in regard to species whose colouring is so much alike. Valve limenitoid throughout, although varying in length, 
beak-shaped, broad at the base, ventrally distented, in front terminating in a sharp point. Uncus either 
needle shaped (T. lupisa and allies) or, as in genus Dichorragia , hook-shaped ( T . pelea and subspecies); or extra¬ 
ordinarily long, snake-like, distally widened in a fashion resembling the distented neck of a cobra (T. aparasa 
and allies). Early stages unknown. — Imago chiefly in the low-lands, common up to elevations of 2000 ft., 
