TANAECIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
653 
minai streaks. January, not very scarce. — rudraca subsp. nov. from the island of Balabac deviates from the rudraca. 
name type so much that Dr. Staudinger considered it to be a new species. Forewings with more white in the 
submarginal area; under surface darker, with broader black lines. 
T. lutala. a somewhat variable species limited to Borneo and the adjacent islands. In colouring it 
resembles T. apsarasa and muncla, as well as pardalis., differing therefrom in the sharply falcate pelea- like 
uncus. Valve deviates from that of pelea in lacking the basal swelling. The spotting of the under surface 
is shown in our figure 133 a (erroneously called pardalis, whereas the figure named lutala $ represents orphne 
Btlr.). The hindwings differ from those of the aruna-pardalis group in the presence of only two rows of black 
submarginal spots which on the upper surface represent very long arrows. But as there exist also specimens 
displaying traces of a third row of black discal spots, it is rather easy to mistake them for munda and its allies, 
lutala Moore (133 a as pardalis) has the upper surface pale brown with faded whitish outer half. The very lutala. 
long and pointed intranerval spots are margined with white proximally. lutala is limited to the lower plains, 
whereas ou Kina Balu we find a darker brown form lacking almost every trace of white in the hindwings. 
Under surface of the normal form pale yellow, of the mountain form smoky-brown. — varuna Voll. is probably varuna. 
the form from South Borneo, distinguished by the more distinct black submarginal sagittate spots. •—• 
ampla Btlr., an interesting insular form from the Sulu Archipelago which is known for producing a great many ampin. 
albino forms; based on a $ of the Godman collection in the British Museum, having the white area of both 
wings still more faded and broader than in typical lutala ; on the hindwing the sagittate spots are larger, but still 
more isolated. 
T. valmikis Fldr. shares with T. lutala the sharply curved uncus and the double row of black submarginal valmikis. 
spots on the under surface of the hindwings; however, we treat it here as a separate species as it invariably has 
the submarginal spots on the hindwings rounded instead of sharply pointed, and on account of the large square 
white intranerval stripes of the forewings, which resemble those of varuna Fldr. and pardalis Voll., but are much 
larger. The hindwings of the <§<$ as well as show only rarely a white median band, and are occasionally suffused 
with purplish underneath. $ smoky-brown, never pale yellow as in lutala. — viola subsp. nov. is the name viola. 
of a lovely form often met with in commerce, having the posterior portion of the very broad median area 
of the hindwings above suffused with a lovely violet-blue. — lutalina form. nov. from South-eastern Borneo lutalina. 
has on the forewings the intramedian spots shaded with grey, and on the hindwings the median band nearly 
clear white without any lustre of blue or violet . — chariestata form. nov. finally is an unusually large, luxu- chariestata. 
riant form with broadly white forewings, traversed underneath by very broad median bands of black-brown. 
Type in the British Museum, one $ from Sishassen also in the Tring Museum. 
b) Uncus very plain, straight, sharp-pointed, delicate. 
T. orphne Bull. (133 a as lutala), a plain looking species, dark grey or black-brown above, with isolated, orphne. 
small, occasionally grey-shaded, intramedian spots which sometimes may be very broad as in valmikis ( — fa. 
pseudo-valmikis form. nov.). $ smoky-brown with small square brown-dusted spots on the forewing. Under sur- pseudo- 
face with two very distinct and a third rather faded submarginal band. Base ochreous, outer half whitish- valmikis. 
violet. $ brown-yellow with red-brown submarginal zigzag lines. Uncus only slightly curved, resembling that 
of T. munda and clathrata, but somewhat more robust. North Borneo, presumably in the mountains; from 
Ivina Balu in Fruhstorfer’s collection. 
T. munda is one of the prettiest species, of great individual variability and of wider distribution than 
was hitherto assumed. In Borneo two forms exist, one in the low-lands and the other in [the mountainous 
districts, munda Fruhst. (133 c) has as a rule the macular band on the hindwing broader and more brillant munda. 
clear white than is shown in our figure. $ resembles above apsarasa $, but has on the hindwing the white inner 
half of the band clearly separated from the pale blue outer portion. Also the under surface recalls apsarasa, 
but both wings have the base darker yellowish-brown and more intensely and richly tinted. Before the apex 
five violet-white, pointed spots; the submarginal row of brown wedges much broader. The hindwings have the 
marginal area whitish-violet, not yellowish-grey as in apsarasa, and also marked with 7 very conspicuous, 
black, sharp pointed, dist-ally excavated, arrow-shaped spots. 9 with wings more rounded than <J, forewings 
with more distinct white wedges, hindwings with brown instead of black spots, and broadly brown outer 
area; under surface still paler, all the white bands and spots broader, but the submarginal arrows, like in 
aruna $, martigena $ and other Tanaecia, faded brown instead of black. $ 1 3 /s", $ 1V 2 ". — fruhstorferi fruhstorferi. 
Btlr. (133b $ as gandarva, and 133 das apsarasa) circumscribes the sharply separate, plain looking, small¬ 
sized form of the low-lands of North Borneo, occurring also in the South and South-East of the island. As a 
rule the forewings have the intramedian spots clouded with brown, and the hindwings lack the white inner 
portion of the median band either completely or only display faint traces of it. without any violet-blue 
