EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
655 
Fldr. defers to the very plain-looking, grey-brown, rare form from Perak. Forewings with rather large, isolated 
helmet-shaped spots resembling valmikis. The large black isolated arrows are broadly margined with white 
proximally. Hindwing with a narrow row of white spots accompanying the black discal lunules proximally. 
Under surface pale clay-yellow, lighter than in Borneo specimens. — satapana form, nov., above richly adorned satapana. 
with blue-violet somewhat like martigena (133 c) from Sumatra, but of smaller size, with reduced, more iso¬ 
lated white median spots on the forewings, beneath rather darker and more profusely marked with black. Malay 
Peninsula. — triratna subsp. nov. refers to a small insular form. Both wings have the black sagittate spots triralna. 
edged with pale flesh-colour; hindwing with three distinct rows of black spots. $ like of Euthalia salia 
Cordelia, beneath deep red-brown. Natuna Islands. — pardalis Voll. is the oldest name given to the brown pardalis. 
main form of southern Borneo. Vollenhoven’s figure gives a very good idea of the under surface with its 
three rows of black submarginal streaks. Above very much like T. lutala Moore, but the anteterminal area is 
not so broadly laved with white, and the intramedian spots are smaller; moreover, the black arrows on the hind- 
wings are farther apart. Under surface of forewing deep ochreous, of hindwing pale grey-yellow. — apsarasa apsarasa. 
Voll. (133 d) looks in the $ like a separate species; hindwings above very variable as to intensity of colouring 
and the extent of the pale violet or blue markings. But we always find in both sexes the middle row of black 
spots beneath showing through above in the shape of a blue undulate band, by which feature apsarasa $ 
and $ are always easily distinguished from the very similar $$ of T. munda and fruhstorferi. Beneath like 
martigena (133 c), but the basal area more deeply obscured. My collection contains specimens from the South- 
East and also the low-lands of North Borneo. — subochrea Btlr. was based on the brown alpine form from subochrea. 
northern Borneo; distinguished from the southern brown pardalis by the deeper brown ground-colour and the 
more sharply defined white markings of the forewings. The three parallel rows of black spots on the under 
surface of the hindwings are particularly heavy. Under surface of $$ more uniform brown-yellow than in par¬ 
dalis. — margarita Btlr. is distinguished by the rounded instead of pointed intranerval spots of the upper margarita. 
surface of the hindwings. North Borneo. — In the Sulu Archipelago we find an uncommonly pale, richly 
white marked form: dohertyi Btlr.; type in the Godman collection of the British Museum. — martigena dohertyi. 
Weym. (— watsoni Btlr.) (133 c), a common form from north-eastern Sumatra, characterized by the broader martigena. 
and more intensely blue colouring of the upper surface. The colour of the under surface varies from pale 
ochreous to dark brown-yellow. The black dentate bordering of the hindwings less distinct than in subochrea 
and aruna fa. satapana. martigena is in comparison with apsarasa very constant. The helmet-shaped median 
spots of the forewings mostly dusted with grey-brown. — pratyeka subsp. nov. has these spots also in J clear pralyvJca. 
white, and in both sexes the white median bands of the upper surface broader, whereas the $$ are much 
less profusely suffused with violet. Padang Bovenland, West Sumatra. ■—- sramanas subsp. nov. is less con- sramanas. 
stant than the two Sumatran forms, but darker, without any blue or violet above. On the forewings the white 
helmet-shaped markings are shaded almost black; hindwings with very large sagittate spots and 3 complete rows 
of black spots beneath. Batu Islands; type in the Tring Museum. — namarupa subsp. nov., a dwarfed form namarupa. 
from the island of Banka, presumably also occurring in Billiton, approaching pardalis of South Borneo, but hav¬ 
ing the white median helmet-shaped spots on the forewings as a rule reduced. Very common in Banka. A great 
number of specimens in the Munich Museum. 
45. Genus: Eiifihnlia Hbn. 
This varied and much disputed genus we render here again as comprehensive as it was known to the 
authors of the latter half of the past century; for notwithstanding their great divergence, the extremest spe¬ 
cies are invariably connected with one an other by intermediate forms, rendering a sharp and 
natural distinction impossible. Thus Moore’s genus “ Dophla ” which was recognized also by Bingham, is well- 
founded enough, if we only consider the type Euthalia evelina Stoll. But even one of its nearest allies, 
Euth. teuta, lacks the most essential characteristic of the genus, viz. the closure of the cell of the hindwings, 
and on the forewings retains only a rudimentary trace of it. Thus we limit ourselves to repeating the charac¬ 
teristics common to all the species, described by Schatz as follows: ‘‘Palpi long, densely squamate, with elongate, 
straight terminal segment, the width of which at the base equals that of the middle segment; the latter isl 
clothed with hair above. Eyes naked; antennae long, gradually passing into the long club. On the forewing 
the cell is for the most part open, but rarely closed. Subcostal five-branched; the first arising at the middle of 
the cell, frequently coalescing with the costal and 2nd subcostal, the latter likewise with the 3rd subcostal nervure. 
The second branch arising before the end of the cell, the third beyond it at varying distances. Upper disco- 
cellular almost absent; the lower radial at its base strongly bent inward, forming, in the case of the cell being 
