Publ. 12. 1. 1913. 
667 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
figured by Moore (Lep. Indica III, 1896, pi. 225). inferior in size to Assam specimens, bordered with darker 
grey above. Forewings underneath more uniformly red-brown, terminal area more profusely shaded with grey- 
violet. $ with roundish spots of pale brown beyond the cell of the forewing. Moore reports it from the whole 
of Burma; particularly at Akyab, during the dry season, in the parched jungle, at Fea near Bhamo, and in the 
Karen Hills in September. from Beeling (Tenasserim) in the British Museum are smaller than those from 
Bhamo, and of a paler grey-yellow colouring underneath. — Of cognata Moore of which until recently only cognata. 
one $ specimen was known, I captured the $ in East Siam during the dry season; it appears to be a dwarfed 
form, with still duskier brown marginal border of the hindwing and deeper brown under surface. $ distinguished 
by the semi-translucent, almost hyaline transcellular spots on the forewing and the delicately brown-marmorated 
under surface. Discovered in the vicinity of the ruins of Angkor (Siam) in December. — flaminia Fruhst. flaminiu. 
(132 a) appears to be the melanotic extreme of the species. of the rainy season form has the grey terminal 
area of the hindwing dusted with reddish-brown. $ with occasionally nearly obsolete grey marginal border on the 
hindwings, and with rather small median spots on the forewings, square in shape, not dot-like as in cognata. 
Under surface of chiefly grey-black, with the outer border of the hindwing pale grey-violet; $$ (132 a) 
more brillant, with a touch of purple. Tonkin (Chiem-Hoa) August, September. Of the dry-season form the 
are smaller than those of flaminia and lepidea, but with a pale or yellowish-grey irroration on the hindwings; 
the $ has on the hindwing the terminal area dull grey, and lacks the hyaline or pale spots, resembling therein 
the $ of miyana from the South of India. This form which I discovered in Tonkin and southern Annam in Fe¬ 
bruary (the dry-season) I name mirditta form. nov. It is very scarce and not easy to take. —• flaminia appears mirditta. 
to occur in Tonkin only in certain localities; thus I observed it in August 1900 in the woods bordering the 
road from Chiem-Hoa to Bac-Ken in Central Tonkin, at an altitude of about 1000 ft.; the were sunning 
themselves on the leaves, and their broadly yellow-bordered hindwings that appeared in the sunlight almost white 
rendered them a lovely picture. They generally occurred together with Euthalia kesava, jahnu jahnides, julii 
indochinensis and phemius. — niatala Fruhst. resembling that of flaminia, but with mainly brown-red under matatu. 
surface, somewhat approaching sthavara. $ above suffused with pale violet, underneath even more broadly 
margined with pale purple or blue-violet. Malay Peninsula, exceedingly scarce. 
E. julii is found together with E. lepidea throughout the entire Region of Farther India, occurring more¬ 
over also on several of the Malay Islands. It is equally sensitive towards external influences as E. lepidea. 
— appiades Men. (132 c) designates the rather constant form of Sikkim; always distinguished by the pale appiadcs. 
blue distal margin on the upper surface of the hindwings; specimens of the dry season only differ in their infe¬ 
rior size from the form of the wet season. $ of the wet season above smoky-brown marked with rudimentary 
subapical and transcellular spots. Under surface resembles our figure; those of the winter (dry) season above 
rather paler brown, underneath resembling the but with greenish instead of pale blue basal area of the 
hindwing (= fa. virescens form. nov.). According to Niceville appiades is the commonest among the Euthaliidi virescens, 
of Sikkim, occurring throughout the year on the lower hills. Doherty discovered it also in the Kumaon Himala¬ 
yas, although as a great rarity. Farther East julii commences to vary considerably; there are lacking 
on the hindwing the blue area (= aditlia Moore 132 c), or displaying only faint traces of a greenish intranerval adima. 
spotting (= fa. khasiana Swinh.). The may in either season have the forewings above spotted with greyish- khasiana. 
white, these spots occasionally uniting underneath into oblong transcellular patches. —- sedeva Moore refers to sedeva. 
$$ in which the whitish median spots extend to the middle of the wing. — balarama Moore is a $ form balarama. 
reapproaching appiades in the pale blue terminal border on the upper surface of the secondaries. Some inter¬ 
mediate specimens contained in my collection display underneath the colouring of the dry season form, resem¬ 
bling, however, also virescens from Sikkim in having the hindwings underneath suffused with pale greenish. 
Assam, rather common. — xiphiones Btlr., originally described from Moulmein, refers to an extraordinarily xiphiones. 
small form varying no less than adima. Still the commonest form of the S' seems to be that which in the blue 
area of the hindwing resembles appiades and halarana ; those I received from Lower Burma are but faintly 
striped with blue, not unlike khasiana Swinh. Of the $ we know two sharply distinct seasonal forms, that of 
the wet season resembling the normal adima. 9 hi the broadly white transcellular spot on the under surface 
of the forewing, that of the dry season copying the $ of virescens from Sikkim. Its range extends from Bhamo 
and the Shan States as far as southern Tenasserim and the Mergui Archipelago. — indochinensis Fruhst. indochincn- 
(132 c) is based on the specimens I discovered in Tonkin and Central Annam; with relatively narrow stripe sls ‘ 
of dark blue on secondaries. $ above with prominent grey-white subapical spot on the forewing; underneath 
like $ of irma, but forewing without the white median spots. June till November. — aridaya subsp. nov. resem- aridaya. 
bles the small Perak form. ^ above very dusky, forewing with very narrow, pale green terminal border such 
as we find in Siam specimens. $ like a miniature copy of $ of indochinensis Fruhst. Island of Hainan; very 
scarce; type in the Tring Museum. — odilina subsp. nov., an interesting local form, distinguished above by the odilinu. 
pale brown ground-colour, from which the black-brown undulate bands stand but very distinctly. On hindwing 
terminal border yellowish-green, occasionally suffused with a faint bluish lustre. Beneath it approximates 
nearest to julii Boug., according to Distant’s figure. Siam, at 10U0 ft., January and February. — julii Boug., julii. 
IX 
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