EUTHALIA. By H. Frtthstorfer 
661 
In addition, there occur $<$ with light under surface (fa. blumei Voll.) and either light blue or pale violet 
upper surface, and still others, of an alpine form, which are larger and have the under surface suffused with 
a rich violet or purple. The $ form floralis form. nov. (133 a), distinguished by the conspicuous white stripes ; floralis. 
of the hindwings like in ludekingi (132 e), had not been known until lately. I also have 99 from Perak in which 
the white median area of the hindwings is deeply encroached upon by the broad shading of pale blue, puseda 
Moore (133 c) is the darkest extreme of all the $ forms, resembling the melanotic Borneo forms gandarva 
Voll. and martini Fruhst. (137 d). On the forewings the uncommonly broad helmet-shaped spots are shaded with 
grey-brown, the submarginal undulate line is very distinct, frequently edged with whitish-violet distally. Beneat h 
it closely resembles E. decorata Btlr. 9, in the milky-white outer area of the otherwise pale ochreous wings. 
puseda. I received also from Palembang (Sumatra), and the Tring Museum also contains similar specimens from 
the same, although not very reliable source. Malay Peninsula, puseda, was originally described from Penang; it 
is the commonest of all the Euthaliidi of Perak. Distant mentions floralis and puseda also from Singapore. 
— sakyamuni subsp. nov. is inferior in size to its allies from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra; as a typical sakyamuni. 
butterfly of the tin-producing island of Banka it is of an albinotic type with very pale, faded yellow under 
surface. $ belongs to the $ form mitra Fldr. which is rare in Sumatra, with the light patches on the forewings 
obsolete and the white band of the hindwings indistinct. Common in Banka; type in the Tring Museum. 
COCytina Horsf. (= cocyta F.) probably comes from the West of Sumatra, where an uncommonly large local cocytina. 
form occurs, of which the 9 was described first as ludekingi Voll., whereas the name blumei Voll., although ludekingi. 
identical with cocytina, refers to the $ form with pale yellow underside and pale blue-margined upper surface. blumei. 
Beside this we find throughout Sumatra also $$ with dark undersides (obscurata Fruhst.), and among speci¬ 
mens having the hindwings bordered with blue or violet also fa. margiola Fruhst. ■— Another distinguished, margiola. 
alpine form from the Padang Bovenlanden is montivaga form. nov. (132 d as cocytina), above bordered with montivaga. 
violet, underneath clouded with a rich brown and suffused with purple or grey-violet. The 9? of cocytina 
(ludekingi) are larger than those from the North-West of the island, having the white area larger, more sharply 
defined, suffused with dark violet, but in none of my 16 specimens with pale blue. — gopia Moore is the oldest gopia. 
name of the form from North-eastern Sumatra, based upon a 9 with clear white, costally divided, oblong 
patches on the forewings and a broad, clear white inner median band on the hindwings, separated by a bluish 
area from another, submarginal row of spots. — mitra Fldr. refers to a monotonous $ form having the hind- mitra. 
wings uniformly suffused with pale blue, and the pale patches on the forewings shaded with grey-brown. The 
hindwings with only three white costal spots. — samudaya subsp. nov. is a very distinct form with alto- samwlaya. 
gether melanotic 9$ approaching in colouring gandarvaV oil. and martini Fruhst. 99, but having all the white spots, 
particularly on the forewings, still farther reduced; the hindwings showing only a few dull brown median spots. 
Batu Islands, type in the Tring Museum. — upasakas subsp. nov. (Sanskrit for “monk”) was based on a rather upaseikas. 
small, dark, insular form with unusually dark under surface of both wings. The $$ resemble fa. mitra Fldr. 
in having the whitish patches of the forewings shaded with brown-grey. Natuna Islands, Tring Museum. 
ambalika Moore, the oldest name of the Borneo races, applies to the form found in the northern part of the is¬ 
land. The <$$ have on the upper surface the blue distal margin of the forewings deeply dentate proximally. 
The submarginal band of the under surface consists of heavier, more quadrate spots than in Sumatra- and 
Perak-d'o', and the hindwings display often a blue or violet zone (= arya Fruhst.). Generally speaking, all the arya. 
are beneath darker than those from other localities, and blumei of such pale yellow colouring as shown by its 
author are not at all to be found in Borneo. The majority of 99 is dark brown with brown-shaded, oblong, 
wedge-shaped spots on the forewings, and white median rays entering an area of pale blue which in addition 
is traversed by a finer, outer row of somewhat faded scalloped spots. — ambalika Moore, is a 9 form resemb¬ 
ling fruhstorferi (133b); one of the most distinguished Euthaliidi, on account of the great development of the 
mitra-or tiara-shapecl components of the macular row of the forewing which in some cases are slightly sprinkled 
with brown (tiara form, nov.) (133 b as fruhstorferi). Much rarer are pale brown 99 with only slight, faded tiara. 
remains of a violet median band (colorata form. nov.). Another lovely form has the anterior white spots on the colcrata. 
forewings not divided, but forming, together with the remaining spots, long wedges which continue, though 
only to a slight extent, also on the hindwings (= trilobita form. nov.). Besides these we know 99 without trilobita. 
any white spots whatsoever on the forewings which appear almost uniformly dark brown, generally accompanied 
by a deeper brown clouding of the under surface (= paramitra form. nov.). — magnolia Stgr. is a very rare paramitra. 
form; forewings dark chocolat-brown, with fine small, widely-separated white spots beyond the cell; the hind- >,u ".i' inha - 
wings with a broad band of violet-blue, without a trace of white, separated from the outer margin by a 
broad brown border. Under surface dull ochreous with the white patches of the forewings more confluent: 
the hindwings faintly paler in the median area, ambalika Moore (133 b as fruhstorferi) finally has all the white ambalika. 
