662 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
spots very much increased amt the violet colouring practically absent, only occasionally accompanying the black- 
diardi. brown dentate median border. North Borneo. — diardi Voll., one the commonest $ forms, of South Borneo. 
martini. — A very dark form is martini Fruhst. (137 d), $$ with very faint white bands on the hindwings and without 
a vestige of violet above. Dr. Martin captured quite a number of them near Sintang on the Capuas River 
c/andarva. in the Interior of South Borneo. — gandarva Voll. with clear white spots on the forewing recalling ambalika, 
and with rudimentary remains of violet bands on the hindwing, is a transition from the extreme melanotic 
darani, 'martini to the ordinary, richly blue ornamented diardi. South and South-Eastern Borneo. — darani subsp. 
nov. (darani is the Sanskrit word for “adjuration”) refers to the palest of all forms so far known. $ closely 
approaches ambalika but with even more prominent rays of white, especially on the secondaries; beneath 
it resembles rather the $ of puseda than of ambalika or diardi, in the very broad median area of the fore- 
nposathn. wings. Sulu Archipelago, type in the Godman collection of the British Museum. — uposatha subsp. nov. 
is, on the contrary, an insular race of very deep colouring, from Banguey, the type in the Staudinger collec¬ 
tion of the Museum in Berlin. $ with pale blue bordering of the hindwings above; ^ of a peculiar Tanaecia 
like grey, with large, grey-white, dark margined wedges on the primaries and very narrow grey median 
band of the hindwing. Beneath it resembles the Borneo form, but with greatly reduced, pale median area of 
the hindwings. 
E. japis takes in Java the place of cocytina which, contrary to Vollenhoven’s statement, does not 
occur there; neither is his report correct regarding the occurrence in Java of varuna (recte lutala) and gandarva 
(recte diardi)-, for these forms are exclusively found in Borneo. The sexual organs of japis are very similar to 
those of cocytina, especially as regards the cylindrical, almost club-shaped valve, which is considerably shorter 
than in E. godarti javana Fruhst. Also the uncus is shorter than in javana and stouter basally, but somewhat 
more slender than in the Sumatran form of cocytina. Of japis there exist in Java two distinct local forms, 
one in the East, one in the West of the island, beside an alpine form from the mountains in the West. Although 
not at all scarce, the butterflies are very shy; they prefer densely wooded districts and are easiest to bait with 
bananas; however, unlike Euthalia cion, Zeuxidia or Kallima paralecta a. o. they are when feeding not 
forgetful of all danger, but, like Herona pringondani and Euthalia salia, rise at the slighest noise caused by the 
japis. approach of man. japis Godt. (133 e) is found in the eastern part of the island, where I collected a great number 
in the open forests of the Zuidergebergde to the South of Malang, at altitudes of from 1000—1600 ft. $ above 
with beautiful white longitudinal bands margined with greenish-blue. $ as in the figure. <J underneath yellow- 
hottqeri. ish at the base and whitish violet in the outer half of both wings. — bottgeri Fruhst. (133 e) <J: Ground¬ 
colour of the upper surface in quite fresh specimens velvety-black, in flown specimens dark coffee-brown. Fore¬ 
wings with a violet, rarely blue band generally starting close to the apex, occasionally only at the upper radial, 
and extending thence, gradually growing wider, to the anal angle; in the center it is laved with white; on the 
hindwing this band continues to the anal angle, being, however, mainly white, only margined with violet or, 
more rarely, with light blue. On the forewing the somewhat paler cell is traversed by 4—5 black, oblique, partly 
curved stripes; the outer margin of both wings with beautiful white fringes. Under surface pale yellow-brown; 
forewing with pale violet apex and a white band corresponding to that of the upper surface; a dark discal 
stripe and 5 small irregular red-brown stripes in the cell. above dark coffee-brown, with a white band 
starting at the lower radial of the forewing and, growing broader very gradually, continuing to the anal 
angle of the hindwing. Beyond the cell on the forewing a series of brownish or whitish spots which, commencing 
at the subcostal, disappear again at the submedian and are separated from the white submarginal band by 
a pretty wide streak of deep-brown. Occasionally this discal band reaches the hindwing closely following the 
white band. Hindwings as in only with 2 elongate, dark ringed spots in the cell. Under surface pale tawny, 
with a spot of ashy blue-grey at the apex of the primaries. Otherwise like the upper surface, but the macular 
band yellowish and the stripes in the cell red-brown. Body in either sex above and beneath like the ground¬ 
colour of the wings. Eyes red-brown; antennae black above, redbrown beneath. Palpi and legs yellowish. 
Expanse 2,1", $ 2,4—2,6". bottgeri is rather common in western Java, especially on the Vulcano Gede, at an 
irdnbuuna. altitude of from 4000—6000 ft. —- palabuana subsp. nov. refers to the form from the low-lands of western 
Java, representing a transition from the eastern japis to the alpine western form bottgeri. I have only met 
with palabuana in the moist forests skirting the Bay of Palabuan in the southern part of the island. like 
japis ($, but mostly without any white stripes on the forewing which, like the median band of the hindwing, are 
