EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
663 
margined with a somewhat darker blue, but never with violet as in bottgeri ; the blue being always broad and 
heavy, in contrast to the latter. 9 has the forewings spotted with white and brown, on the hindwings a nar¬ 
row oblique median band margined with violet proximally. Under surface of the $$ which resemble japis 
also in size, laved with an intense whitish-violet distally. $ darker than japis $, approaching bottgeri, but smaller 
and with clearer white transcellular spots on the forewings, japis has not been found as yet in Bali. 
E. jahnu, hitherto only known from India, was proved by me to occur also in Siam and Tonkin. Only 
two local forms are known: jahnu Moore, above hardly to be distinguished from jahnides (132 c). The peculiar purple jahnu. 
colouring which Moore called “wine-brown” is well represented in our figure. Beneath it very closely resembles 
E. appiades. $ without the white submarginal portions of the forewing characteristic of the eastern form 
jahnides. Dry-season specimens are somewhat paler yellow-brown, with less blue on the hindwing. Rare in Sik¬ 
kim, during the summer, like appiades only at low altitudes; common in Assam; also in Upper Burma, the 
Karen Hills, Tenasserim and the Mergui Archipelago (Moore). — jahnides Fruhst. (132 c, $, b $). have the jahnides. 
under surface more variegated, witli dark olive-green spots in the cell of the forewings, and more distinct 
longitudinal bands. $$ paler than jahnu, with broad whitish subapical spots almost devoid of scales, instead 
of the brown spots of jahnu. Underneath even more conspicuously white, also in the submarginal area. One 
$ from Siam, probably of the dry-season, has the submarginal spots on the forewing clear white. Tonkin, 
Siam, up to 1000 ft. of altitude. Clasping organs differing considerably from those of the other Cynitia, rather 
approaching Tanaecia. Uncus slightly curved as in T. lutala. Valve somewhat as in T. pelea, but more uniformly 
broad, sharper anteriorly than in T. pelea, with up-curved extremity. According to Elwes, the specimens col¬ 
lected by Doherty in the Karen Hills are smaller and broader than those from Sikkim; they may be intermediate 
between jahnu and jahnides. 
E. seniperi Stgr. is characterized by the peculiar grey-brown upper surface relieved on the hindwings of sent peri. 
the <$<$ by a very broad velvety-black androconial patch. Markings as in T. lutala., but the submarginal 
sagittate spots on the forewings are very sharply pointed and narrowly edged with white proximally. On the 
hindwings, particularly of the a whitish zigzag band obscured with grey-brown. Under surface distinguished 
by a peculiar faded yellowish-grey colour, somewhat darker at the base. The pale brown submarginal band 
on both wings encloses a rather broad white stripe. Island of Palawan, scarce. 
Group II: Euthalia Him. 
Differs from Tanaecia and Cynitia in the stouter body, the more robust, mostly pointed wings. The first subcostal 
as a rule does not unite with the costal vein, as in the two other groups. In the first subcostal arises immediately at the 
end of the cell, in $a little distance beyond. Hindwing with precostal curved, single, not angled as in Cynitia; both wings with 
cell open. Larva armed on either side with 10 long horizontal fleshy spines which, being barbed on either side with finer secondary 
spines, look like feathers. Several species have on the upper surface of the hindwings a costal androconial patch which, however, 
is exceedingly variable, being present in some forms of the same species, but lacking in others. Sexual organs are but imper¬ 
fectly differentiated and for that reason offer only an unreliable means of distinction. Uncus and valve quite regular in structure; 
the former shorter, broader basally than in Cynitia ; valve trough-shaped, cylindrical, blunt distally, occasionally cut off straight. 
E. tanagra Stgr. resembles in colouring Cynitia semperi Stgr., but is of heavier build, with stouter, above tanagra. 
deep black antennae and more sharply pointed wings. above with relatively small androconial spot; markings 
as in E. ottonis (128 d), but less distinct and broad. $ approaches E. salia, the under surface of the hindwings 
being suffused with blue-green at the base; otherwise pale yellow with grey-white margin (like in C. semperi) 
and darker, ochreous base. Island of Palawan, scarce. 
E. ottonis Fruhst. ( I 28 d) represents quite an isolated species hitherto only found in Nias. $ even larger ottonis. 
than the figured J, with more rounded wings and more broadly white upper surface. Beneath the sexes are 
alike, yellowish grey-brown, suffused with pale moss-green at the base of the hindwing, and with a very 
sharply defined marginal zigzag line accompanied distally by a clear white band. Nias, rare, March until May. 
E. kesava, the type of Niceville’s genus “ Nora ”, based upon the black androconial patch peculiar kesava. 
to the forms united with it. Structurally Nora differs in no way from Euthalia ; the first subcostal nervule in 
the forewing of the <$ stands quite free, in $ only approaches the costal vein for a short distance, and the 
