666 
EUTHALIA. By H. Frith sto epee 
hindwings have the outer margin violet, occasionally enclosing a white band similar to E. salia of Java. 
laverncilis. Like corddia quite common on Kina Balu in North Borneo, at about 4800 ft. of altitude. — lavernalis 
Nicev., a gaily coloured low-land form with white submarginal band traversing both wings; hindwings suf- 
limbata. fused will) violet or pale blue. The white band is somewhat less pronounced than in laverna. — liillbata 
Fruhst. corresponds to fa. ramada Moure, from which it differs in having the distal margin violet instead of pale 
blue. Of the $ two varieties are known, one with white bands on a grey ground ( bipunctata Voll. 128 b), 
from the lowlands in the South and North, and the other with a more or less extensive violet suffusion of 
(he hindwings, similar to corddia (128b) or ilka (128b), exclusively inhabiting the mountainous region 
indras. of North Borneo. — illdras Voll. is another, very scarce $ form from the southern part of the island, with 
dull grey-brown upper surface, marked as in Tan. lutala and subochrea, having like these the intramedian 
helmet-shaped spots of the forewing shaded with grey. In addition a sharply defined submarginal band, and 
on the hindwing some faintly white patches. Under surface of the $ low-land form pale yellow, of the alpine 
suluana. form brownish. suluana Fruhst. is the northernmost form, with very broad, white margined forewings, 
and almost completely white hindwings only adorned with thin brown lines and zigzagbands. It is the palest 
of all known Nora forms, resembling in colouring the very pale Tan. doherty Btlr. from the same locality. Sulu 
salia Islands, collected by Pryer. $ type in the British Museum. — salia Moore (128 c) is the earliest described 
form of the Nora group, for which reason de Niceville as well as Moore should have based the genus on this 
instead of on kesava. Our figure represents the variety of western Java, whereas the $ of the eastern form 
octocjcsima. was described as octogesinia Voll., distinguished from salia by having the band on the forewing nearly twice 
as wide, almost white throughout without a touch of brown. The $$ of the Java form vary in the marginal 
border of the hindwing being either pale blue or greenish. According to my observation salia and its allies pre¬ 
fer t he more open woods, where they may be met with in the hours of the forenoon resting on twigs and leaves 
along the forest-trails, salia I found both in the West and East of the island, from the shore to elevations of 
about 6000 ft. It is rather shy and wary, even when feasting on the offered banana bait; the noise caused 
by the breaking of a dry twig under the foot of the approaching collector is sufficient to drive it to abrupt 
flight; and the disappointed collector must content himself with admiring the lovely play of colours produced 
by the blue and white bands of the wings flashing upon him as the butterflies take to the wing. Only after a 
long pause they return again, but only by exercising the utmost care the collector can hope to get hold of them. 
sramana. The $$, however, being more indolent, are more easily captured. — sramana subsp. nov., type in the Staudin- 
ger coll, of the Berlin Museum, is a very dark form with brown upper surface slightly laved with white 
ob sol eta. in the middle of the wings. Island of Bali. — obsoleta Fruhst. <$. Upper surface dark brown, with the rings 
and bands of the under surface showing through, appearing like an obsolete brownish-white discal band. Under¬ 
neath both wings are smoky-brown margined with darker brown, and traversed by a dentate white submarginal 
band. Both wings in the basal area with the usual brown-red rings and streaks. Inner margin of the hind¬ 
wings dull grey-blue. Antennae black, clubs red-brown beneath. Expanse: 1,2". Island of Lombok, on the 
Vulcano of Rintjani, at about 2000 ft. of altitude. Above obsoleta is not unlike Euth. bipunctata Voll., but the 
under surface is more like that of salia Moore although the broad white discal band is nearly extinguished and 
not a trace of the lovely blue outer margin is visible. The discal band on the under surface is very much nar¬ 
rower, and not white but yellow, and the inner margin of the hindwing edged with darker blue than in salia. 
But in the shape of the wings and in size both forms closely agree; the scent-hairs, however, on the inner 
margin of the hindwings, which in salia are delicate whitish-blue, appear in obsoleta dusky smoky brown. This is 
also the case in bipunctata Voll. with which it also harmonizes in the dark brown colouring of the hindwings; 
but obsoleta has the outer margin more sharply undulate, and the under surface of the hindwings rather greenish- 
grey, not brownish-yellow as in bipunctata. The $ of obsoleta was discovered by Doherty when we jointly 
collected near the village of Sapit on Lombok. It is a lovely form, above somewhat resembling Tan. trigerta 
singoradja Fruhst. in the brown-shaded median band of the forewing, but underneath with the characte¬ 
ristic salia design, although somewhat obscured by fuscous. $ type in the Tring Museum, type in the Fruh- 
storfer collection. 
cor data. 
E. cordata Weym. (128 c) replaces rnonina and salia in Nias. $ like ottonis (128 d), forewings with 
