EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
GG7 
conspicuous, elongate, rectangular white markings; hindwings beneath with sharply defined brown submarginal 
band, slightly suffused with greenish at the base. Not scarce. —- srofa subsp. nov. larger, more broadly xrota. 
irrorated with pale green than cordata the white band on the hindwing broader, more deeply encroaching 
upon the anal angle. Under surface paler, ground-colour more faded, on the hindwing the white area margined 
with faded brown distally. Type in the Staudinger collection; came presumably from the islands adjacent 
to Sumatra or Borneo. 
E. garuda is the commonest Indian species. It frequents the proximity of human habitations Avhere the 
food-plant of the larva thrives, and where it visits fallen fruit or the sap flowing from injured tree-trunks. 
Larva green with yellow dorsal stripes and similar rings on every segment, the lateral feathery hairs not tip¬ 
ped with black. Pupa green, angular, head provided with two fulvous horns. Wing-cases and third abdominal 
segment with red-brown edges. Larva mostly on Mangifera indica, also on Anacardium occidentale L., Loran- 
thus scurrula L., together with the larva of E. lubentina. Other observers mention also Trophis aspera, Bryo¬ 
nia, the Mulberry tree and Rose. The larva eats but little, grows very slowly and rests most of the time motion¬ 
less. The spines are shed in each moult, and in their place appear blunt tubercles which rapidly develop into 
the well-known feather-shaped hairs. Of garuda we know a series of different continental local forms all of 
which are subject to seasonal Dimorphism. — anagama subsp. nov. is a pale form with relatively large, but anagama. 
completely blackish median spots on the fore wing, and small, conspicuous, black submarginal dots on the hind¬ 
wing. Both wings have the base dark, the distal margin pale brown; on the forewings the submarginal band is 
darker, narrower and less pronounced than in the forms from farther East. Under surface yellowish-grey, clouded 
with reddish. Type from the North-West Province; according to Moore it also occurs near Bombay, in the 
Kangra District, according to Doherty in the Kumaon Himalaya at elevations of from 2000 —3000 ft. One $ 
from Poona, in the Moore collection of the British Museum, is paler brown, with smaller white spots than in 
specimens from farther south. — suddhodana subsp. nov. (128 e as garuda) inhabits Sikkim, where it is common suddliodana. 
throughout the year in the lower valleys; also at Calcutta, where it is observed on old grey walls in the dirtiest 
part of the Native city, where it prefers the filth of the street to the nectar of flowers. Our figures represent 
the dry-season form; that of the wet-season is much larger, the with broader bands of brown and larger 
white hyaline spots on the forewings than in Assam specimens, the $$ on the contrary having these markings 
more insignificant. — garuda Moore from Assam. $$ beneath with narrower brown bands than in the rainy garuda. 
season form of Sikkim, also less broadly margined with violet. The hyaline spots on the forewings nearly twice 
as wide, and clear, not obscured. — merilia Swin. (129 a) circumscribes a pale form of the dry period; merilia. 
above pale brown, beneath light brown-yellow, without any darker submarginal stripes. Common in the Kha- 
sia Hills. — apania subsp. nov. <$ with more pronounced hyaline spots'on the forewing than in anagama. Under apama. 
surface pale yellow, broadly shaded with reddish-brown. In both sexes the dark-brown submarginal band 
is well developed. Siam, Cochin-China, common in the low-lands; I collected it in the temple-gardens near Bang¬ 
kok and in the Botanical Garden of Saigon especially in December and January; occurs also at Bhamo in 
the Shan States and presumably in the Mergui Archipelago. — aditha subsp. nov. refers to an uncommonly aditlia. 
large form; upper surface with strongly obscured base, the hyaline spots of the forewings dusted with brown; 
under surface with uncommonly broad submarginal spots. $ with grey-brown discal spots and sharply defined 
grey-brown distal area of both wings. Island of Hainan; type in the Tring Museum. Also in Tonkin we may 
expect to find a form related to aditha. — meridionalis Fruhst. (128 e) (— diversa Evans, J. B. N. H. Soc. 1912) meridio- 
is, especially in the §, much larger than suddhodana and garuda from the North of India. $ above not brown na ^ is - 
but of the peculiar green shade characterizing Dophla laudabilis Swinh. The median row of spots is broader 
and always clear white. Underneath it differs from garuda, resembling rather vasanta Moore from Ceylon. 
Also the ($$ have the upper surface, although in a lesser degree, broadly suffused with greenish. South India, 
Malabar and the Coromandel Coast northward as far as Kanara; in the Nilghiris up to 3000 ft. According 
to Moore, Niceville, Mackwood and Dr. Manders, specimens of a variety of garuda occur, although very 
rare, in Ceylon. Although I never have seen Ceylon specimens which are not represented in the British Museum 
either, I presume that they coincide with meridionalis. —- acontius Hew. $ above dark brown finely dotted acontius. 
with white in the median area. Beneath suffused with greenish blue. $ with broadly white longitudinal bands on 
both wings bifurcating near the costa of the forewing. Andamans. —• gurda Fruhst. (128 e) heads the series of gurda. 
Macromalayan forms. Of relatively small size, with insignificant dull hyaline spots on the forewing. Under 
surface darker than in Siam £<$, more resembling the Sumatran form. £ is very variable, not two of the spe- 
