EUTHALIA. By H. FruhstoRfeR. 
668 
cimens in the Felder collection of the Tring Museum or in the Frtihstorfer collection being quite alike. 
Some which might be taken for rfrf are very dark, of dwarfed size, with nearly black hyaline spots on the fore¬ 
wing; in others the spots are about half as large as in merilia (129 a), as it is shown also in Distant’s figure; 
still others have the spots yellowish-white, nearly of the size of a pea. Malay Peninsula, pretty scarce in collec- 
puran'i. tions on the Continent. — purana Fruhst. resembles in rf E. tin na Fruhst. (130 a), but on the forewing the spots 
are smaller and obscured with grey. The $$ are intermediate between gurda Fruhst. and sandakana Moore. 
having both wings even darker, and on the forewing the grey-brown macular band reaching the lower median, 
occasionally even the submedian, is somewhat less broad than in sandakana. Moreover they differ from the latter 
in the greenish instead of brown colouring of the upper surface. The red-brown submarginal band on the fore¬ 
wing beneath is broader than in gurda , narrower than in sandakana. The larva is very difficult to detect even by 
practised eyes, although it rests free and unhidden in the middle of Mango leaves. Imago very common; in con¬ 
tradistinction to the other Euthaliidi it is not limited to the woods, although it loves the shade, but is mostly 
sandakana. met with in fruit-orchards, where the Erf chase one another from tree to tree (Hagen and Martin). — sanda¬ 
kana Moore has the hyaline spots on the forewings broader, more band-like, the under surface still darker 
than in gurda and purana, frequently suffused with purple. Of the $ two forms are known: a) one with 
grey-white, very distinct median spots on the forewing, b) another with brown blurred dashes. $$ from the 
south and south-east of the island are somewhat paler brown than those from the North. Common in the 
palawana. Sultanate of Brunei. palawana Stgr. of which I only know the types, is very rare, Dr. Platen capturing 
only ! rf 6 $$. Upper surface darker than in sandakana Moore ; rf nearly brown-black, the white macular band on 
the forewing is shaded with grey and reaches the inner margin. Underneath the white markings are, according 
jrloana. to Staudinger, more prominent than in garuda Moore from India. Palawan. — jeloana Stgr. rfrf in the Statt- 
dixger collection have the brown-grey subapical markings of the forewing more indistinct and blurred; under¬ 
neath more obscured than in palawana. $ forewing with broader macular band and a second (outer) whitish 
anteterminal stripe. Jolo in the Sulu Archipelago. Also from Domoran (August) in the Semper collection. 
kastohn. — kastobo Hag. (128 d) is one of the most) interesting Euthaliidi on account of the almost incredible deviation 
from the neighbouring Javanese E. aconthea Or. Both sexes beneath with very prominent black submarginal 
bands and a brillant white straight median band occasionally reaching the submedian vein. Island of Bawean, 
on Kastobo Lake, not scarce. 
vasanta. \ E. vasanta Moore, rf resembles that of E. garuda meridionalis Fruhst., but is of smaller size, without greenish 
suffusion of the upper surface. The $, however, widely differs from the garuda type in that the white band 
on tlie forewings is very broad and oblique, not vertical, ending at the lower median; occasionally, however. 
I alien, it may be absent (=fa. fulica Fruhst.). Both sexes are beneath pale grey margined with whitish violet. Common 
in the low-lands of Ceylon, even in the gardens of Colombo, especially in June and July, and again from October 
till December. Pupa resembles that, of Euth. garuda, but according to Moore’s figure, with green instead of red 
horns, and paler yellow edges of the wing-cases. Larva resembles that of garuda, feeds on the Mango tree. 
amnthea. E. aconthea takes in Java and the Micromalayan Archipelago the place of garuda, which may be only 
a subspecies of it. although it seemed advisable to treat it here as a separate species on account of the uni¬ 
formity of markings in all the eastern forms, and the difference between their respective larvae. Supposing 
Moore’s figures to be correct, the larvae of the Indian E. garuda and vasanta differ from that of E. aconthea 
in that the lateral feathers lack the black tips which are clearly seen in Horsfield’s figure of the larva of 
E. aconthea (1829, 1857). The dorsal stripe is white instead of yellow, and the feathers longer than in garuda. 
Pupa more yellow-green, the yellow margin of the wing cases broader, the horns black instead of green or red. 
aconthea Cr.. figured from specimens from Batavia, is in $ subject to colour aberration. Already Cramer know 
the extreme albino form with the broadly white median markings of the forewing; but the dark form figured 
a rata, on pi. 129 b (fa. arata form, nov.) is much more abundant. In East Java we find also an intermediate form 
saevida. — saevida form. nov. which like niveipicta (129 b) has a narrow, sharply defined, dull grey median band occasio¬ 
nally continuing to the hindwing, rfrf from East Java are as a rule smaller than those from the West, with 
darker green suffusion and deeper brown undersurface, aconthea . is rather scarce, being found from the shore to 
