13. 1. 1913. 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruh storfer. 
673 
which appear almost white beneath. The liindwings have along the outer margin a row of seven distinct black 
intranerval dots, and beyond the cell on the costal margin a subtriangular patch of peculiar violet hue. Forewings 
beneath whitish-grey at the base, in the middle and at the apex laved with violet; a brown marginal band, two 
brown, black-margined cellular stripes and a submarginal row of 6 irregular black dots, the lower one of which increa¬ 
ses in width towards the inner angle. On the liindwings the black row of dots reappears also underneath, other¬ 
wise they resemble the forewings, but have 4 brownish, black-margined, irregular spots at the base. Anten¬ 
nae dark brown, tipped with yellow. Palpi, head and body coffee-brown above, whitish beneath. Abdominal 
extremity blackish. Legs on the outside brownish, on the inside whitish. $ somewhat variable, either resemb¬ 
ling our figure (129 b), or having the band on the liindwings less distinctly defined proximally, shading into the 
basal colour. Very scarce, not below elevations of 3800 ft., and only on the Vulcano Gede in Western Java. 
— modesta Fruhst. is an exceedingly rare form from the Battak Mountains in Sumatra, inferior in size to agnis. 
The $ I saw for the first time only lately in the Tring Museum. They differ from (ignis <$, aside from their 
diminutive size, in the more delicate white dots on the forewings. $ is smaller than agnis $ of Western Java, 
and, as is the rule in Sumatra butterflies, much darker. It rather resembles the $ of tinna Fruhst. in having the 
subapical and median dots and bands considerably reduced and densely scaled with grey. The liindwings have 
the costal area which in agnis is whitish-grey, dark, and the median region traversed by a narrow faint, pale 
band. The under surface has the ground-colour darker brown than in agnis, with a dull bronce-yellow shimmer 
in the outer half. $ type in my collection. I expect that on Kina Balu in North Borneo there also exists a form 
allied to modesta. But all the specimens I received myself or saw in the Staudinger collection belong to the 
following species. 
E. tinna inhabits the Macromalayan Region, Java excluded; above it resembles E. agnis, but under¬ 
neath it widely differs from it in the absence of the silver-grey Prepona- like lustre distinguishing that species. 
Above it deviates from it by having the subapical white spots on the costa of the forewing smaller, but the 
ultracellular spots making up the median macular row longer, streak-like. The ground-colour is darker, al¬ 
most black. The whitish light on the costal margin of the hindwing is absent, and the median stripe is placed 
nearer the black submarginal band. Underneath tinna approaches jama Fldr. and garuda Moore, especially 
garuda sandakana Moore, but is rather paler, having the white median macular row shorter and the black 
submarginal longitudinal band more distinct. The liindwings beneath are hardly to be distinguished from those 
of sandakana Moore. The $ of tinna is in its general appearance so much like agnis Voll. $ from Java, that 
at first I took it for a local form of it; only when I received from Sumatra the true agnis $ which there flies 
together with another form of tinna described below, I discovered my error. From agnis $ it differs in having 
the median band of the forewing narrower, consisting of isolated, more rounded spots, and densely dusted 
with grey-brown. The upper surface of the hindwing is darker than in agnis, with a broad median band suffused 
with violet. The black submarginal row is made up of elongate streaks, accompanied distally by a series of 
violet-white dots. Beneath it resembles sandakana Moore, but the colour is paler, and the white, very distinct 
median band reaches on both wings the anal margin. — tinna Fruhst. (130 a) differs from E. agnis in having 
the uncus longer and more sharply pointed. $ distinguished by having the submarginal band of the hindwing 
suffused with a gorgeous violet lustre. Kina Balu, very scarce, at elevations of from 3800—4800 ft. Type 
in the Fruhstorfer collection, a few specimens in the Tring Museum and the Staudinger collection. - 
paupera Fruhst. was already known to Distant who, however, connected it with merta $ which belongs 
to quite a different group. From tinna it differs in the paler brown colouring of the upper 
surface, which distinguishes also the following agniformis ; the subapical dots are absent, and the whitish 
median band reduced and obsolete. On the under surface of the forewing the submarginal band is indistinct: 
likewise the brown postdiscal row of pale brown spots on the liindwings; altogether paupera has all the white 
and brown markings less perfectly developed. —- Of agniformis Fruhst. (129 b), of which only the $ was hith¬ 
erto known, I discovered among the treasures of the Tring Museum also the J marked E. merta. The under 
surface lacks the grey-white or pearly lustre. The $ is even paler than the two preceding forms; all the white 
spots and bands increase to such an extent that the subapical and ultracellular spots are nearly united. 
On the forewing the white spots are still very distinct between the 3rd median and the submedian, whereas in 
agnis they are extinguished, and in tinna barely indicated. The liindwings are adorned by a sharply defined, 
nearly clear white, median band faintly edged with violet. The black submarginal dots as well as the accom¬ 
panying white spots are larger. The under surface is paler yellowish, of a faint bronce-lustre, and the median 
modesta. 
tinna. 
paupera. 
agniformis. 
IX 
85 
