EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
075 
in August and September in the dense woods near Chiem-Hoa; they are a wonderful sight, flashing 
in the sun their brillant blue hindwings against the deep green background of the forest. In Sikkim they ascend 
to elevations of 4000 ft. (Elwes and Niceville); March till December. • — seitzi subsp. nov. (L37 d), of smaller seitzi. 
size, $ with very fine, but clear white, prominent transcellular lines of the forewing. The blue marginal border 
as well as the white anteterminal band of the hindwing somewhat diminished. $ above paler brown than 
Sikkim and Assam on the forewing the white band narrower, tapering more strongly toward the anal angle. 
Under surface with increased spotting of blackish-brown, and a corresponding disappearance of the submar¬ 
ginal suffusion of the hindwing which in phemius is pale blue. $ with much narrower white band. Hongkong, 
collected by Prof. Seitz. According to Walker it is rather abundant in December and January; a second brood 
appears in April. Larva on the Litchi Tree. — ipona -subsp. nov. $ inferior in size to phemius, hindwing without ipona. 
a trace of a white anteterminal stripe accompanying the pale green distal border of the hindwings. Fore wings 
with very broad brown longitudinal bands above. Beneath it is even more obscured than seitzi , without the 
white terminal band of the hindwings. Discovered by Doherty at Gunung-Ipoh, Perak. Type in the Tring 
Museum. 
E. euphemius Stgr. replaces E. phemius in Borneo; but the sexes are not so eminently dimorphic, euphemius. 
Both sexes with wings more rounded. $ dark, £ somewhat paler smoky-brown. $ has the forewings marked 
with similar hyaline ultracellular striae as in phemius. $ as well as $ have the hindwing bordered by a 
broad milky-blue terminal band, the under surface dirty brown-grey. $ has the white macular band obsolete, 
and on the hindwing a brown, somewhat obsolete, median band; the $ has the marginal border of the hind- 
wing rather broad and violet; Kina Balu, very scarce, only 1 pair known. 
E. mahadeva, distinguished by the remarkable Dimorphism of the sexes, has developed cpiite a number 
of separate insular and local forms, all of which, with the exception of the subspecies of Palawan, are among 
the greatest rarities. Of many forms only 2—3 specimens are known, of the Sumatra form indeed only one pair. 
Forewings pointed, somewhat paler distally than in the blackish-brown, black-banded basal area. Hindwing 
with greenish or blue-grey, rather wide, marginal border occasionally marked with black triangular spots 
which may be either quite rudimentary or form a complete band. 9 resembles that of Tan. trigerta, brown with 
more or less sharply defined, white or brown-grey median band on both wings. The have the under surface 
brown with black-brown submarginal band. Hindwing with distal area whitish or grey-violet. $ faded brown 
or grey-yellow, the white band indistinct, generally fading into the ground-colour. On the whole it re¬ 
sembles so much E. merta and E. salia that Butler took the 9 °f the Borneo form for a Nora. They 
inhabit the dense woods, and are only known to occur in the low-lands. Of mahadeva Moore (130 a), although mahadeva. 
described already in 1859, the habitat was unknown until I discovered it in Java. Under surface characterized 
by two very broad, black, clamp-shaped parallel lines in the cell of both wings. $ pale grey with whitish inner 
margin which on the hindwing nearly reaches the cell. 9 with Tanaecia -brown base, laved with pale blue on 
the inner margin of the hindwing. Very scarce, both in East and West Java. — Of sakii Nicev. only the <$ saldi. 
was known, until in 1904 I obtained also the 9- c? '• Hindwing with deeper blue border than in mahadeva 9, 
the submarginal macular band, barely indicated in the Java form, is accompanied proximally by distinct, 
delicate white dots. 9 has on the forewing the median band somewhat narrower and heavily clouded with grey- 
brown. Under surface of <$ darker, more profusely shaded with brown and brown-yellow. 9 with more conspi¬ 
cuously black submarginal undulate band on both wings. North-eastern Sumatra. — zichri Btlr. (9 = incli- ziehri. 
stincta Btlr.), somewhat like rhamases $ (129 a), but with broader blue marginal border of the hinclwing. 9 
resembles the E. bipunctata 9 so closely that Butler described it as a species of Nora. The white spotting is very 
profuse but even more faded than in Javanese 99- Borneo, only a few specimens known. — rhamasses Stgr. ( 1 29 a) rhamasses. 
may be recognized by the narrow blue-green marginal border of the hindwing; In the 9 the band on the hind¬ 
wing consists only of grey-white scallops, being completely clouded by brown at the anal angle, underside 
resembles that of E. sakii, but is more conspicuously spotted with brown. Hinclwing irrorated with grey-violet 
as far as the submarginal row of dots. 9 brown-yellow with dull milky-white markings. Palawan, not very 
scarce; Doherty collected a considerable number in January. — zichrina Fruhst. resembles sakii but has zichrina. 
on the hindwing the terminal border even darker blue, and the proximal row of dots very distinct. $ beneath 
faintly irrorated with dark blue at the anal angle. 9 not described as yet. Malay Peninsula as far as Tenasse- 
rim; 1 <$ from the Karen Hills in the Elwes collection, 1 $ from Lower Tenasserim in the British Museum, the 
type from Perak in the Fruhstorfer collection. — binghami Nicev. probably represents an extreme dry- binghami. 
season form; $ above with pale green anal border of the hindwing, otherwise hardly differing from rhamasses. 
Under surface of the hindwings broadly laved with pale yellow in the median and anal areas. 9 not known; 
the 9 described by Niceville as binghami 9 being E. eriphyle Nicev. Type of $ from the Dannat Range, 
Tenasserim. 
