676 
EUTHALIA. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
wricea. E. sericea Fruhst. (137 c) replaces E. mahadeva in the island of Nias. $ with whitish submarginal area 
on the forewings which latter are, in addition, marked with two white helmet-shaped intramedian patches. 
Hindwings with distinct black intranerval spots accompanied proximally by grey-blue scallops. Under surface 
dark smoky-brown, the white area surrounding the black-brown submarginal spots broader. The $ has on 
the forewings the grey-white median spots nearly twice as wide as in E. mahadeva Moore. Very scarce, $ type 
in the Frtthstorfer, 1^2$$ in the Adams collection of the British Museum. 
E. lubentina refers to a series of gorgeous forms distinguished by the rich, fluorescent green upper 
surface, marked, aside from the usual white spots, with red. The sexes vary considerably; the $ has the wings 
more rounded than the J, with broad white band and large white cellular spot on the forewing. Larva on 
various species of Loranthus; resembling that of E. garuda, grass-green, with a dorsal row of purplish angular 
spots which occasionally contain a diamond-white dot in the middle. The lateral spines are rather shorter than 
in garuda, the feathery appendages broader, tipped with purplish-brown. Pupa green with two brown lateral 
patches centred with dirty white. The horns at the head ringed with brown. Imago everywhere scarce, $$ more 
abundant than $<$ which love to sip the moisture from wet spots in the road, but generally are observed circling 
around the tops of high trees in tireless, rapid flight. Uncus relatively very short, otherwise as in E. salia and 
agnis. Valve elongate, angular, above deeply grooved, ventrally distinctly excavated, sharply cut off distally, 
without marginal teeth as in E. adonia. On the continent the species is subject to the influence of the seasons; 
in Borneo we find two distinct forms, one in the mountains and the other in the low-lands, which were until 
lately treated as separate species. But the great scarcity of the available material renders it impossible to ven¬ 
ture a definite opinion at the present time. Staudinger inclined towards the view that E. adonia is only a 
variety of E. lubentina, which, notwithstanding the similarity of the design and arrangement of the red mar¬ 
kings of the under surface, seems improbable on account of the wide range of distribution of adonia, and also 
on account of certain morphological differences in their respective genitals. On the continent lubentina has 
lubentina. developed several local forms: lubentina Cr. (131 e) was hitherto only known from the South of China, being 
identified with the Indian form; but the specimens taken by me in Tonkin, have, notwithstanding their 
larger size, the white spots making up the band of the forewing smaller and farther separate. In Tonkin I took 
indicu. during April and May only 2 £$, at an elevation of about 2000 ft., on moist spots in the road. -—- indica Fruhst. 
(131 a). Specimens of the dry season have the ground-colour beneath paler than those of the wet season; 
Hindwings light brown-grey, faintly shaded at the base; those of the wet season have the under surface of the 
hindwings almost throughout pale olive-green, but on the forewings the white subapical spots smaller. Assam 
dU are distinguished from the Sikkim type by their brillant colour, being more prominently marked 
with red and white. On the other hand the Burma form appears smaller, with the colouring more faded and the 
red spots on the forewings obsolete. According to Aitken it is not very scarce on the hills sur¬ 
rounding Bombay, otherwise it is very rare in the Himalayas from the North-West Province to 
Sikkim, Assam and Upper Burma (Bhamo). The $$ were taken also near Rangoon on ripe Gua- 
arasadu. vas. Specimens from Siam taken by Drtjce in 1874, in the British Museum. •— arasada subsp. nov. is the form 
of Southern India, ascending in the Nilgiris to 4000 ft. of altitude, also found in the plains of Travancore. I 
possess d'd' from Karwar (August) and a $ from Cannapore. $ has the upper surface of the fore wings paler, of the 
hindwings more intensely green than in the North Indian form. $ more brillant pale green, with narrower, 
but more sharply defined, white macular band on the forewing. Under surface in both sexes more richly shaded 
with pale coffee-brown than in indica, especially at the apex of the forewing; hindwing grey-brown, feebly 
psittacus. suffused at the base with blue-grey. — psittacus Fruhst. is limited to the lowlands of Northern Ceylon where 
it occurs between Dambulla and Amurhadnapura as well as at Trincomali, in the dense woods peopled by 
monkeys; it is always observed on fallen fruit on the ground. Forewings have the base almost black, not green 
or iridescent; the hindwings are deeper green, with smaller red dots that are more distinctly ringed with black. 
chersnncsia. beneath almost without any red in the basal area of the hindwings. — chersonesia Fruhst. is the first 
of a series of more distinctly differentiated Macromalayan forms. The $ is hardly to be distinguished from 
indica. Fruhst. (131 a); $ resembles culminicola (131 a), but has the white spot before the apex of the cell nearly 
twice as large, and the intramedian macular row steeper and larger. Hindwing with marginal area pale olive- 
green of an intense lustre, underneath faded brown-grey anteriorly, dull blue-green anally, spotted with pale 
raj ana - t red. Malay Peninsula. — rajana subsp. nov. is also in £ considerably differentiated from the other forms. Fo¬ 
rewing with three white elongate streaks at the end of the cell, and 5 white subapical dots; on the hindwing 
the anal margin darker green than in Malacca specimens. The under surface of the forewings is marked with 
unusually large and distinct, white submarginal spots, the hindwings are irrorated with dark blue-green. $ 
differs from Sumatra $ in having the white longitudinal cellular band, the three white streaks at the apex 
of the cell, and all the transcellular spots broader than in mariae. Island of Banka, type in the Munich Museum. 
mariae. —- mariae Fruhst. $ stands midway between culminicola from Java and whitekeadi from Borneo. Hindwing 
above with rather less red, but bordered with darker green than in Java The white dots on the forewing 
