678 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer, 
or white apical spots. Under surface: Forewings likewise lack the white spots. On the hindwing the costal 
margin is red at the base, the submarginal spots fading away towards the anal angle. $ resembles lubentina 2, 
but without the inner series of red, black-bordered spots. Upper surface with two black undulate discal lines. 
ludonia. Expanse 2", $ 2 3 /s". — - ludonia Stgr., of which I only possess one pair captured by Doherty in Palawan 
during January, is in $ dark grey-green, hindwing above with 3 anteterminal and 2 median spots of dull 
red. $ has the median spots dull red, clouded with grey, widening ont into a sort of band, conspicuously 
edged with black. On the forewing the subapical dots and transcellular striae are larger than in adeona. 
4 
nibescens. E. irrubescens 8m. (Vol. I, p. 190) inhabits Omei-Shan in western China. Upper surface dark green 
streaked with black, and with two red striae in the cell of the forewing. Under surface: Forewing as above, 
hindwing somewhat like in E. lubentina , having the entire inner margin bordered with red. 
E. a man da replaces E. lubentina in the Celebian Subregion. $ very plainly marked, above black with 
dark green marginal area of the forewing and greenish steel-blue border of the hindwing; the latter in addition 
with a black postdiscal band, a median zigzag line and conspicuous sub marginal, intranerval scallops. $ has the 
forewing marked as in lubentina ; the hindwing with a red median band varying in width according to the 
locality, and with black anteterminal dots edged with red distally. Under surface of grey-black, forewing 
with two red cellular streaks; $ grey suffused with bluish; hindwing with two rows of red spots, as in 
amanda. — amanda Hew., type from South Celebes; our figure was taken from a $ taken in the low-lands of Northern 
Celebes; in the majority of cases the $ has on the hindwing the red median band much narrower than it appears 
in the figure. Very scarce. Type was taken at the falls near Macassar, brought to Europe by Wallace; I dis- 
rufaenia. covered the species on the Peak of Bonthain at an elevation of 3300 ft. in March. •— eutaenia subsp. nov. (131 e 
as amanda) refers to the form from northern Celebes, $ distinguished, aside from the luxuriant red stripes, 
by the more faded black submarginal spots of the under surface. Toli-Toli, November, December; Minahassa, 
periya. up to about 3000 ft. of altitude. Scarce. — periya subsp. nov. differs from Minnahassa specimens in the darker 
ground-colour, the larger white spots on the forewing and the broader, more intensely red bands of the hind wings; 
these characteristics are in both sexes even more evident on the under surface. Island of Bangkai, type in the 
Staudinger collection. 
E. adonia is, in contradistinction to lubentina, a chiefly insular species, occurring on the continent 
only in Farther India, and reaching the Smaller Sun da Islands. ^ differs from lubentina in having on the fore¬ 
wing the white submarginal dots Smaller and placed vertically above one another; the upper surface lacks the 
red cellular spots. $ can be recognized by the vertical, band-shaped white median area of the forewing, 
generally extending also to the hindwing where it varies according to the locality. Also the CC have as a rule 
the red median spots on the forewings nearly twice as large than in lubentina, but this does not hold good 
on the smaller islands. The sexual organs closely resemble those of lubentina, the uncus being somewhat 
longer and more robust, the valve with two distinct distal teeth which are absent in lubentina-, ventrally not 
distented. As also in the preceding species of the lubentina group, the third subcostal branch arises in both 
sexes at an equal distance beyond the cell in the forewing, differing therein from the other Euthaliidi. The 
earlier stages are not known. The imago is said to visit fallen fruit, but I never succeeded in taking it on 
adonia. suspended bananas. They prefer the low-lands, and are even rarer than E. lubentina. adonia Cr. (129 e) was 
originally described and figured from a $ taken at Sams,rang on the North-East Coast of Java; our figures 
represent specimens from near Sukabumi in Western Java. $$ from the surroundings of Malang in the Eastern 
part of the island have on the forewing the white bands and transcellular spots rather broader. Very scarce, 
pura. occurring from the coast to an altitude of about 2000 ft. — pura Fruhst. (131 a) is a good example of the 
modifications produced on the small satellite islands; for notwithstanding the many obvious differences it is 
nothing more or less than a melanotic insular form of the well known adonia Cr. of Java, having all the 
white markings of the forewings greatly reduced and obscured, and the red spots on the upper surface of the 
hind wings much smaller and more rounded. Also the under surface has all the white and red markings greatly 
reduced, being dark green, not brownish, and the black submarginal dots are more prominent than in adonia. 
The reduction of the white spots is even more surprising, because the long white streaks on the 3rd median nervule 
and anal margin of the forewing have nearly disappeared. The white spots of the liindwings are barely half 
as wide as in Java $$, but the black submarginal dots are both above and beneath at least twice as large. The 
anal angle of the hindwing lacks beneath the broad blue irroration distinguishing adonia. pura stands about 
midway between this and sapitana Fruhst. from Lombok, but is somewhat darker than the latter which has the 
white bands broader. Island of Bawean; flies from July till September. 10 7 $$ in the Fruhstorfer col- 
sapitana. lection. — sapitana Fruhst. which goes among all the forms farthest East, has likewise the white bands reduced, 
although in a lesser degree than in pura, resembling rather our figure of the West Java form than pura 
