EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
685 
only the $ is known to me, is much larger than derma, approaching in the colouring of the upper surface the 
Macromalayan forms; both wings have the basal area deep brown-green, sharply defined and greatly obscured 
in the middle of the wing. Under surface much paler grey than in the other continental forms, the red spots 
very distinct, only two on the hindwing. I took this form in April at Kanburi (Siam) near the Tenasserim 
line on the border of a small river flowing through the forest. To vallona belong presumably also the speci¬ 
mens mentioned from Burma and Tenasserim by Moore and Bingham. -— annamita Moore closely approaches annamila . 
laudabilis Swinh. (130b). Both sexes have the apex of the forewing laved with white; $ in addition with 
a clear white median area on both wings as in laudabilis. Cochin China, only 1 pair in the British Museum. 
— gasvena subsp. nov. is the very reverse of annamita , being an uncommonly dark, smaller insular form, gasvena . 
beneath shaded almost throughout with blackish-grey. Island of Hainan, very scarce, type in the British Museum. 
— laudabilis Swinh. (130 b), $ differs from the figured $ in the absence of the whitish-green suffusion of the sub- laudabilis . 
marginal area of the forewing. Underside blue-grey with moss-green bands. Larva as described in the general 
diagnosis; found, especially in the wet-season, in enormous numbers. Imago appears in January; the chief 
time, however, is June and July; in the Nilgiris it ascends to 3800 ft.; northward it goes as far as Karwar and 
Kanara. — evelina Stoll, occurs in Ceylon. $ like laudabilis $, but with pale green, bronce-like instead of whi- evelina . 
tish area on the forewing. Under surface darker grey shaded with brown. I encountered it especially in the 
low-land forests in the North, but it occurs also at Galle and Labugama in the southern part of the island. It 
is one of the few Nymphalids flying in the afternoon, but very shy and hard to capture. As a rule one meets 
within large areas only one individual, although Dr. Manders observed once nearly 30 of them in the neighbor¬ 
hood of Mahintale, in August, sipping the sap flowing from an injured tree. —- mahonia subsp. nov. refers to mahonia. 
the rather large form of Sumatra. I chose this name on account of the resemblance which this robust and strong 
butterfly with its dark green variegated upper surface bears to the very tough Chinese Berberidacea with its 
varying shades of dark and light green. Formerly I united mahonia with compta (130 b) of the Malay Peninsula, 
but it differs from it in the straight, very feeble median band of the hindwing, the lovely pale blue-green under 
surface, and by having two instead of three red spots on the hindwing. Occurs everywhere singly, more abundant 
in West Sumatra near Padang-Pandjang than in the Sultanate of Deli. Dr. Hagen encountered it in shady 
nutmeg gardens and on house and stable drains. They generally remain in the same locality, and Hagen thinks 
that they deposit their eggs singly over a larger area. — pyxidata Weym. is a transition from mahonia to pyxidata . 
sikandi Moore. <$ like that of compta (130 b), underneath equally dark grey-green, with 3 red basal spots 
on the hindwing. $ with white median area of the forewing, continuing on the hindwing in the shape of a very 
faint irroration beyond the cell. Island of Nias, only few specimens are known. — sikandi Moore (= soma silcandi . 
Fldr.). <$ distinguished by the absence of the red cellular spot of the forewing which in $ is still feebly 
visible. $ smaller than mahonia $ has the white area of the forewing more sharply defined than in pyxidata ; 
the median band being very conspicuous also on the hindwing, this form shows, as it often is the case in Java¬ 
nese butterflies, the richest white markings. Beneath it approaches nearest to the Siam form vallona Fruhst., 
but has in both sexes the red basal spot on the hindwing very indistinct. West Java, scarce, up to 2000 ft. - 
Of mahapota subsp. nov. I only know the $ (Munich Museum); resembling mahonia Fruhst. from Sumatra, mahapota . 
but with paler submarginal area of the upper surface of both wings. Under surface more variegated than in 
mahonia differing in the presence of nearly black longitudinal stripes. Also the red basal spots of the liind- 
wings beneath are more pronounced. Island of Banka, apparently very scarce. —- magama subsp. nov. approaches magama . 
again mahonia from Sumatra. rather smaller, $ paler brown, otherwise no difference above. Under surface 
darker throughout, $ with a distinct row of brown-green submarginal lunules hardly noticeable in my 
Sumatran $$. Also the primaries are shaded with darker green-brown in both sexes. South-East and North 
Borneo, very scarce. — tyawena subsp. nov., type in the Statidinger collection, differs from magama Fruhst. tyaivena . 
in having the under surface pale blue-grey, and on the forewings the longitudinal bands of the under surface a 
faded dark green. $ of uncommonly large size, much paler than those from the rest of the Philippines. Two 
types may be distinguished: eva Fldr., a small form from Luzon, resembling the North Indian derma Coll., pale 
blue-green or light brown beneath, -— and proditrix subsp. nov., much larger, approaching S3 from Celebes; above proditrix . 
dark brown, beneath very much like dermoides Rothsch., brown-green throughout, intensely shaded with bluish- 
grey. Island of Bazilan, discovered by W. Doherty ; according to Semper also in Mindanao and Camiguin de 
Mindanao; March till December. —- bangkaiana Fruhst. surpasses in size the Celebian forms, being on both bangkaiana . 
