686 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
sides darker than dermoides, with broader, blue-green stripes beneath. Island of Bangkai, type in the British 
dermoides. Museum. — dermoides Rothsch. from South Celebes, upper surface deep brown, forewing with broad black 
band; under surface alternating green-brown and blue-green, with distinct red spots. Found chiefly in August. 
bolitissa. —- bolitissa subsp. nov. hardly differs from dermoides above; $ much larger than paler brown. Beneath much 
darker than dermoides from farther south, uniformly brown-green, only the anal border of the hindwing laved 
with grey or bluc-grecn. $ has the under surface of the forewing largely brown-grey; hindwing grey-blue strea- 
fumosa. ked with brownish-green. Toli-Toli, North Celebes, November and December; also Tondano. — fumosa Fruhst. 
(130 b) represents the melanotic extreme, having the bands of the upper surface even broader than in dermoides, 
and deep black. Beneath like bolitissa, nearly black, hindwings with very conspicuous black anteterminal 
lunules, and very narrow, grey-blue distal border. Sula-Mangoli, collected by W. Doherty. 
E. durya inhabits exclusively the Macromalayan Region; only recently it was proved by Bingham 
to exist as far North as Southern Tenasserim. The upper surface is represented in our figure (130 b). Under 
surface pale yellowish-green, with insignificant spots of darker green or brown, and two black-ringecl cellular 
patches. The earlier stages are not known. Imago mostly scarce, being always found in the densest woods. — 
mahara. mahara subsp. nov. (130 b) is the smallest form, distinguished by a very conspicuous yellow spot in the cell 
of the forewing. On the hindwing the median spots are darker than in the other forms, broadly ringed with black. 
ma.naya. Under surface a delicate grass-green. East and West Java, very scarce, up to 1600 ft. of altitude. — manaya 
subsp. nov., larger than the Java race, especially in with broader white markings. Under surface very pale 
green, feebly sprinkled with brown. Sumatra, particularly in the western part of the island, whence I possess 
durya. 8 $<$ 5 $$. — durya Dbd. differs only in having the under surface more richly spotted with brown. Malay 
monara. Peninsula, recently found also in Tenasserim. —■ monara subsp. nov. from Borneo differs from Sumatra spe¬ 
cimens in the more prominent greenish-brown submarginal spotting of the under surface. Presumably it occurs 
saidja. also in Palawan. — saidja van de Poll (130 c), a very distinct form almost deserving specific rank, can be 
recognized by the whitish-yellow submarginal area of the forewing. Under surface with more conspicuous 
markings than even in the Borneo form, those of the upper surface showing through, being larger and margined 
with green. Island of Nias, $ very scarce. 
Group V: Adolias. 
Comprising the largest and most magnificently coloured species, differing from Dophla in the open cell 
of the hinclwing in which it resembles Euthalia s. s. But the forewing has, as in Dophla, the cell closed. Ac¬ 
cording to Schatz the chief differences from Euthalia are the following: “In Adolias the 1. subcostal arises 
before the middle of the cell, the 3. at about one third of the distance between the 4. and the apex of the 
cell. The cell is always closed on the forewing, open on the hindwing. The middle discocellular very short, 
curved; the lower one joining the median far beyond the origin of the second nervule, whereas in Euthalia it 
joins, if it is at all present, almost immediately beyond the 2. nervule. Precostal single, out-curved. Palpi 
short, thickly clothed with yellow-brown hair, the basal segment strongly curved, the central one very long, 
distentecl at the end; terminal segment elongate, oval. Antennae uncommonly long, straight, with very elongate 
club”. The earlier stages are not known, since Dr. H. Dohrn, who bred E. dirtea from the larva, did not 
publish any description. The sexual organs resemble those of Dophla-, uncus distented, dorsally resembling 
the shape of a bird’s head. Valve very long, board-like at the base, with a concave ventral ledge, slightly 
curved distally. Imago more or less varying individually. Seasonal forms are not with certainty known, but 
of the commonest species we know both an alpine and a low-land form. Sexual Dimorphism is the rule. The 
butterflies keep always near the ground, alighting on stones and roots, or feasting on rotting fruit; flying mostly 
in the densest forest, occasionally on roads enclosed by hedges; very shy and hard to capture. Almost all the 
species emit an agreeable odour, which is very persistent and can be noticed a long time afterward on being 
moistened. They prefer the lower plains, ascending in Java to about 2000 ft., in Sumatra to 3000 ft. of altitude. 
A. dirtea ranges from North India to Hainan, the Philippines and the Macromalayan Region. Both $ and $ 
vary considerably, especially in the width of the bands of fore and hindwings and in the extent of the black marginal 
border of the hindwing, which latter may either appear as a deeply dentate though sharply defined band, 
or be encroached upon by rays emerging from the glossy blue submedian band. generally with pale clay- 
yellow under surface, laved with violet at the anal angle and marked on the forewing with a few white dots. In 
Borneo and Sumatra specimens are common with dark red-brown under surface, broadly blue-black anal area 
