EUTHALIA. By H. Fruh storfer. 
687 
and large spots of green-blue (= fa. montana Hag.). $ varies especially in the Java and Borneo form, some hav¬ 
ing the spots of the upperside blue-green instead of yellowish, and the under surface pale blue-white, others 
being shaded with moss-or brown-green. —fa. esmalta form. nov. (127 b) varies greatly in the shape and colouring csmalia . 
of the yellowish median dots distinguishing the upper surface of the $ forewing and the black submedian spots 
in the band of the hinclwing. The $$ are of a more monotonous tint, the silky gloss found in the being 
only faintly indicated on the costal margin and on a few veins. Dr. Hagen describes its habits as follows 
(Iris 1896, p. 172): ,,This lovely butterfly is very common, but only in shady, moist places, f. i. in ditches along 
the road shaded by Bamboo, under houses and in the fruit-orchards of the Malay Kampongs, on the refuse- 
heaps of kitchens and in the woods. Its flight is very rapid and strong, but, although exceedingly shy, it 
flies, even if chased, only a short distance, close to the ground, frequently alighting upon the bare earth, never 
on twigs or branches, with wings expanded. Both sexes are equally common. Martin and De Niceville report 
that dirtea only occurs from November till March. While it is true that during this, the rainy season, it is 
most abundant, I possess also quite fresh specimens taken in April, May, June and August^. — pardalis pardalis . 
Moore, a northern form of the island of Hainan; <$<$ very scarce, not greatly differing from Tonkin specimens, 
whereas some $$ of the Tring Museum have, in the place of yellow spots, the markings of the forewings 
near the costa whitish, on the hindwings partly blue. — eleanor Fruhst., a very dark form, resembling cleaner . 
that of lchasiana (127 b), with very dark, though somewhat broader band of the hindwing enclosing very 
large black intranerval spots. Under surface dark red-brown, with steel-blue anal area of the forewing which 
moreover has the median spots white, not blue as in lchasiana. $ not like lchasiana $ (127 c), but rather resemb¬ 
ling the Macromalayan forms, approaching in the whitish-yellow costal spots of the forewings also pardalis 
Moore from Hainan. $ Underside with larger, nearly white, median spots than in Perak and richly suffused 
with golden-brown. Tonkin, type from Vanbu in the Tring Museum. Other specimens I took in August 
and September at Chiem-Hoa; several from Central Annam (November, December) in my collection. — 
jadeitina subsp. nov. (127 b as dirtea) is the reverse of eleanor, of which it may be the dry-season form. may be jadeitina . 
recognized by the very pale bronce-green outer margin of the forewing, and the largely greenish, likewise 
very pale, black-dotted marginal border of the hindwing. Under surface reddish-fulvous, hindwings with very 
distinct seprare median spots of golden-yellow. $ superior in size to eleanor forewing with larger spots of 
dull golden yellow above. From Tenasserim, Lower Burma, Muok-lek (Central Siam, January) in my collection. 
According to Moore it is very common in many parts of Burma, where it may be found the year round on fallen, 
rotting fruit, from the coast up to an elevation of about 3300 ft. Farther North it was taken at Bhamo and in 
the Shan States, in the South at Tavoy and the Mergui Archipelago. — khasiana Swinh. (127 b c 9) a highly lchasiana . 
specialized form. Both sexes resemble E. cyanopardus Btlr., the to such a extent that Bingham united the 
two within the same species. But aside from its larger size, cyanopardus differs in having the palpi of the <$ 
greenish, those of the $ whitish, whereas all the representatives of the dirtea group have them red-brown. 
Beside the figured $, we find as a rarity an albino form with much larger, almost yellowish spots on the forewing, 
and whitish-green instead of bluish submarginal markings of the hindwing (= dolia form. nov.). — Another dolia . 
aberration having the median spots of the hindwings above fulvous instead of white, is dirteoides form. nov. dirteoides . 
Common in Assam, very scarce in Sikkim, occasionally abundant in Bhotan. Niceville reports it also from 
Nepal, and the Crowley collection of the British Museum contains, moreover, specimens from the Naga 
Hills. — dirtea F. was originally described by its author as coming from ,,Bengalia“. Butler believed that dirtea . 
it might have come from Java; but dirtea is there one of the rarest butterflies, occurring only within a short 
distance to the North of the Bay of Palabuan and the Djampangs south of Lukahmi. As on the other hand 
Fabricius received during his time a large number of butterflies from the Malay Peninsula, it is very 
likely that the type of dirtea also came from there, the more, since it resembles the neighbouring forms. Perak 
specimens of my collection approximate most closely those from Sumatra, but the $$ are slightly larger, 
surpassing even Borneo specimens. shares with the Sumatra form the heavy black submarginal spots of 
the hindwings and the relatively broad black terminal border, which distinguish it from the paler jadeitina 
Fruhst. of Tenasserim. The $ seems to exist in two seasonal forms, one of normal size with large yellow patches 
