Publ . 16 . VI . 1913 . 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
689 
On the upper surface of the fore wings the green-blue marginal band is in annae only very slightly 
dentate and covers the entire terminal margin. Both spots behind the cell are blue-green instead of reddish- 
brown as in the hitherto mentioned forms of dirtea. The $ is characterized by having on the forewing the 
subapical spots broader, white instead of yellow, on the hindwing invariably orange. Under surface of the $ 
as in our figure (128 a); the $ has the forewing laved with blue-white, on the hindwing the basal area 
lovely deep blue, the terminal half red-ochreous. annae is one of the characteristic butterflies of the island of 
Bawean, where it is very common and easy to take from July until September. The Fruhstorfer collection 
contains 40 $3 25 which hardly vary among themselves; the more astonishing seems the difference from 
dirtea javana Fruhst. — ritsemae Fruhst. refers to a very common form from the island of Banka; the $$ ritsemae . 
differ from those of Sumatra, Perak and Borneo in the much smaller and more delicate spots on the upper surface. 
Type in the Leiden Museum; a number of $$ also in the Tring Museum, a large series of specimens, col¬ 
lected in May by Dr. Hagen, in the Munich Museum. —• silawa subsp. nov. closely agrees in the with the silawa . 
Sumatran form, but has the anterior part of the band of the hindwing paler violet. In the $ the reduction 
of the yellow spots above is carried even further than in ritsemae , even to their being completely obsolete. 
— $ fa. immaculata Snell., an extreme form of the $ in which also the yellow median spots on the under surface immaculata. 
of the hindwings have disappeared. Island of Billiton. — chalcedonides subsp. nov. inhabits Borneo, possibly chalcedoni- 
also the Natuna Islands. According to the large number before me from the South-eastern part of the island, des ’ 
chalcedonides seems to be on an average smaller in size than dirtea F. from Perak or nephritica Fruhst. from 
West Sumatra, thus approaching the form of North-eastern Sumatra. Of either sex we know the same two 
principal forms existing in Sumatra and Java. Like in Java, neither the smaller one resembling in its dark 
under surface montanaHag., nor the larger one with paler red-brown under surface has seasonal character. 
I have both forms from the North and South-East of Borneo. The much more common $ shows the colour¬ 
ing of the dry season, being broadly suffused with rufous beneath. — A markedly different form was figured 
as esmalta Fruhst. (127 b) (v. p. 687), above resembling dirtea khasiana-Q, in the white spots on the forewing csmalta . 
and the blue bands of the hindwing also E. cyanopardus. The under surface is blue-green, with prominent 
white spots on the forewing. -— palawana Moore is of course most closely related to chalcedonides. I possess palawana . 
only dU, which differ from Borneo qq in having the black submarginal spots on the hindwing almost twice 
as large. The brillant band is somewhat narrower and more obscured costally than in chalcedonides-<$$. Under 
surface dark red-brown, forewing with a large steel-blue anal spot. Palawan, scarce. -— ellora Fruhst. from ellora . 
Mindoro has, in contradistinction to palawana, the marginal border of the forewing extraordinarily broad and 
light. On the hindwing the band is likewise very broad, dull pale blue, finely dotted with black. £ coarsely 
dusted with red-brown above, the basal half of the hindwings beneath blue, the rest suffused with blue-green. 
Very scarce; Semper receiving during many years only two specimens. — cavarna subsp. nov. of which I cavama. 
have only seen a few $$ in the StaudingEr collection, closely follows palawana Moore, but is of smaller size 
and darker colouring, with smaller golden-yellow spots above; Balabas. 
E. perdix Btlr. An interesting species hitherto only known from the island of Nias, possibly represen- perdix. 
ted also in the other islands adjacent to West-Sumatra. The resembles gigantea, but on both wings the 
green, resp. blue terminal border is defined by a straighter line. Hindwings with quite minute black submar¬ 
ginal dots. Under surface somewhat like that of dirtea annae Hag., but slightly paler and more monotonous, 
the forewing less black; the blue submedian band characteristic of annae is in perdrix reduced to an obsolete 
spot. On the other hand the latter has between the median veins two very large greenish spots. $ distingui¬ 
shed on forewing by two obliquely cut-off transcellular spots and three broadly whitish median stripes margined 
with rufous and united into a band. Forewing in addition with a submarginal row of rufous spots. Hind¬ 
wings like those of dirtea annae Hag., but with larger, more whitish, median spots. Beneath the base of the fore¬ 
wing is red-brown, of the hind wing blue-green. The spotting of the upper surface clearer white and more 
conspicuous. Also on the hindwing the white is greatly increased, three roundish spots in the cell and the 
transcellular spots which are reddish above, being almost white. Nias, very scarce. According to Kheil these 
butterflies emit a most agreeable fragrance on being softened under a bell-jar. 
E. canescens inhabits the Macromalayan Region with the exception of Java. It is a small, insigni¬ 
ficant species, differing from dirtea in having both sexes almost alike, but still resembling it in the red-brown 
palpi and the close resemblance of both sexes to the pattern of the $ of E. dirtea F. The arrangement 
of the yellow spotting which varies on the different islands is seen in our figure of canescens (127 a). £ as 
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