EUTHALIA. By H. Frtihstorfer. 
693 
ning spots have a peculiar tulip-shaped appearance, inwardly sinuous and outwardly stalked. Before the apex 
some rounded black dots. The black marginal border of the hindwings is streaked with green. Ciliae black and 
white. The $ has the forewing spotted with white, the base and outer fascia sprinkled with blue. On the hindwing 
a median double row of white, blue-edged dots. The submarginal double lunular row consists near the costa 
of violet, for the rest pale blue spots interspersed with whitish atoms. Under surface pale sea-green with nume¬ 
rous white spots. $ length of forewing 53 mm, $ 64 mm. It has so far only been received from Assam, where 
it is not very scarce. ■—■ albopunctata Crowl., a melanotic, smaller, but highly specialized form; ES almost albo- 
jet-black, but beneath resembling the Assam form. On the forewing 2 very large white subapical spots, 4 large, l mnclaia - 
yellowish dots in the cell and one below the lower radial. The hindwings completely lack the blue band 
of which there are only left 5 large, brillant blue dots. Beneath the EE resemble those of cyanipardus 
Btlr., but with larger white subapical dots and smaller cellular and median spots; hindwings according to Moore' s 
figure with a blue dot in the cell and 6 dots around it. $ very much like cyanipardus but with larger 
whitish-blue spots on the fore wings and small submarginal dots on the hindwings which are throughout broadly 
bordered with white-blue. Otherwise the hindwings are dotted with darker than in cyanipardus ; beneath 
with smaller median and cellular dots, but much larger white submarginal spots. Very scarce, only a few 
species being known. I observed it in January at Muok-Lsk (Siam) at an altitude of about 1000 ft., in the 
dense forest; it was very shy, and always scarce. — sandakanus Fruhst. <$ smaller than 8. cyanipardus Btlr .; sandakanus. 
fore wing with narrow green anteterminal stripe (in cyanipardus always blue), hindwing with 2 larger white 
apical spots, and in the violet submarginal area black patches, but with much narrower black distal border. 
$ likewise smaller, with darker markings of the hindwings. The two submarginal bands of the hindwings, in 
cyanipardus always whitish-blue, are green-blue, and the black dots within them confluent, not separated. 
Characteristic are the red tips of the antennae, which in cyanipardus are invariably black. South-East and North 
Borneo, everywhere very scarce. — bangkana Hag., a melanotic insular form, in which of the blue band bangkana. 
adorning the hindwing only a few violet spots are preserved. Also the greenish-blue marginal striation of the 
forewing is greatly reduced. Very scarce, only a few pairs found by Dr. Hagen in Banka. — Of martha Strand, marfha. 
first discovered by Dr. Hagen in North-East Sumatra, a $ specimen was recently taken also in West Sumatra. 
E. satrapes Fldr. (= imperator Hew.), one of the most interesting butterflies in the East, is very scarce, satrapes. 
occurring in two sharply differentiated insular forms in the Philippines. The sexes are nearly alike, the $ 
but slightly larger. Upper surface black, basal area of both wings faintly irrorated with blue-green. Forewing 
with white spots arranged somewhat as in cyanipardus -§. Hindwing with broad blue median and white sub- 
marginal macular band. Forewings beneath black, conspicuously spotted with white; a blue-grey stripe in the 
cell. Hindwing red-brown with a grey-violet submarginal band and reddish grey-violet discal spots arranged 
as in dirtea F. Costal border of the forewings as well as base and terminal border of the hindwings lovely Ver¬ 
million red. Occurs in Luzon in the wooded mountain districts from July till December; according to Semper 
also in Polillo, Mindoro, Camiguin de Luzon. — trapesa Semp. replaces the former in Mindanao. Above it differs Lrapesa. 
in having on the forewings the white macular bands smaller and on the costa placed closer to the base; 
on the hindwings the blue band much wider, except at the costa, and of a rather paler, more greenish tint. 
Underneath the macular rows of the forewings are of the same size as in satrapes, but approach nearer to the 
base costally; on the hindwing the pale transverse band and outer margin broader, greatly encroaching upon the 
dark red-brown ground-colour. As in satrapes, both sexes are cpiite alike in shape of wings and markings. It is 
one of the characteristic and possibly very ancient local forms which in the course of time has been modified 
to such an extent that it may be considered as a separate species. One specimen of the Berlin Museum shows 
the following additional differences from satrapes : On the upper surface of the hindwing the submarginal spots 
are more feebly developed and the gorgeous Vermillion outer border of the under surface somewhat narrower. 
The discal row of violet-brown punctate spots extending in satrapes oblicpxely to the termen, forms in trapesa 
an uninterrupted semi-circle to the costal margin. In trapesa we find, moreover, on the under surface of the hind¬ 
wings two black bands, reaching the middle of the wing, which are not found in satrapes. Eastern Mindanao. 
Subgroup Lexias Bsd. 
Comprises only two species which reveal their close relationship with Adolias and Euthalia in the sub¬ 
costal nervules being united with the costal vein; in this it differs from Dophla which has all the subcostal 
