694 
EUTHALIA. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
nervules free. Also in its sexual organs it approaches Euthalia, the uncus being not distented, the valve slender, 
tapering distally, and armed with fine teeth. The name Lexias is only kept here because it occurs in the litte- 
rature since 1832 and indeed can claim priority to the better known name of Adolias (1836). 
E. panopus. Above brown-black, forewings in either sex faintly marbled with yellow. Both E and $ 
with a submarginal band of rufous or ochreous, varying in width according to the locality. $ larger than the E> 
dimorphic, there being, in addition to the J-like also such with white striation of the hindwing (9-fa. 
virginalis. virginalis form. nov.). On the hindwing, moreover, a row of black submarginal dots, forewing with a blue-grey, 
black-ringed cellular spot, reminding us at once of the relationship with the Moluccan-Melanesian E. aeropus, 
which it replaces in the Philippines. It is rare in collections, the specimens in the Tring and British Museums 
dating from Semper’s time, partly not giving the locality. Dr. Platen seems to have taken a number in Min- 
panopus. danao. — panopus Fldr. Hindwing above with very broad fulvous submarginal band. Flies in Luzon from 
miscus. May till July. — miscus subsp. nov. with much narrower striation of the hind wings; in the $ the white- 
banded form virginalis Fruhst. is said to be more common than the ochreous form. Described from several 
vistrica. specimens in my collection and in the British Museum. — vistrica subsp. (or form.) nov. I saw in the He- 
witson collection in London. In the E the yellow band of the forewing is only thread-shaped. Locality un¬ 
known, presumably one of the Central Philippine islands, Semper mentioning panopus from Bohol and Leyte. 
E. aeropus which was already known to Linne, ranges over a wider area than was hitherto assumed, 
occurring throughout the Moluccas, from the Sula Islands to New Guinea and reaching even the Bismarck 
Archipelago. Although one of the most common Melanesian butterflies, no attention was paid to its variability, 
neither its local differentiation nor the Polymorphism of the $$ being recorded; of the latter only the yellow 
and white-banded form were known. The markings resemble those of eutychius and choirilus (127 a). E under¬ 
neath brillant ochreous, forewing with a broad, rather paler submarginal band, in contradistinction to panopus 
with only two blue-white median spots. $ forewings black, traversed by a band composed of isolated spots. 
Hindwing either white or pale yellow, always with broad, jet-black marginal border. Basal area with 7 milky- 
white patches. Palpi of A red, of $ pale yellow with whitish base. Larva euthaloid, green with black dorsal 
stripe, black head and very long feathers. Pupa distented, ventrally with sharp edges, head pointed. Feeds on 
Calophyllum; the eggs are deposited on the under surface of the leaves, on which later the caterpillars crowd 
together until they have entirely consumed them. When larger, they are more lively and spread farther apart 
eporidorix. (Ribbe). — eporidorix subsp. nov. differs in the E i n having on the forewing the rufous celhdar dots and 
preapical spots smaller; beneath darker than specimens from the Southern Moluccas, with the black submar¬ 
ginal spots reduced. The $ exceeds in size those of the remaining forms, having at the same time the largest 
orestias. and most intensely yellow markings of the hind wings. E type from Batjan, $ from Halmaheira. — orestias 
subsp. nov. refers to the darkest insular form; the median bands of the Ed narrower than in aeropus of the 
paisandrus. Southern Moluccas. Sula Mangoli, Type in the Staudinger collection. — paisandrus subsp. nov. is rather 
common in the island of Obi; E larger than Batjan EE> with larger and paler fulvous bands. $ forewings likewise 
helvidius. with broader, less widely separated spots than in aeropus $. — helvidius subsp. nov. resembles in the E most 
the Batjan form. $ characterized by having on both wings the spots and bands reduced, the median area of 
aeropus. the hindwings orange-red instead of pale yellow as in the $$ from the other Moluccan Islands. Burn. — aero¬ 
pus L. Recognized by the large, elongate spots at the apex of the cell in both wings; hindwing with nearly 
choirilus. twice as wide yellowish median band as in helvidius $. Amboina, Uliasser, Ceram, Goram. —- choirilus subsp. 
nov. (127 a) is the first in the series of Melanesian races, in which the $$ may be either yellow or banded with 
white, whereas from the Moluccas we only know yellow ones. E relatively small, differing from eporidorix-E 
in the larger size of the twin-spot at the apex of the cell in the forewing and the increased black striation and 
spotting of the under surface. $ either white, as in the figure, or with uniform pale yellow spots on the forewing 
and similar median area of the hindwing, whereas in all their Moluccan allies the preapical and cellular spots 
are white. Both forms of the $ are found in Waigeu, distinguished beneath by having the basal and median 
areas of the hindwings white, in contradistinction to aeropus -^9 which are mainly ochreous; but the $$ with 
yellow upper surface have the marginal border of the hindwings black, partly suffused with rufous. Waigeu, 
eutychius. common. — eutychius subsp. nov. (127 a) is found on the main island of New Guinea, very rarely also in 
Aru, Key and Dampier Island. Periodically it is very common, and Hagen reports that formerly one could 
collect from the Calophyllum trees the larvae and pupae by the basket. The butterflies fly in the shore-forests, 
