698 
APATURA. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
A. parisatis comprises a great number of forms, occurring from Hongkong to Ceylon and throughout 
the Macromalayan islands; slightly subjected to seasonal Dimorphism, the dry-season form being paler, the 
rainy-season form larger and more deeply coloured, 3 blacky forewing invariably with a small white preapical dot 
and occasionally slightly brown apical area, $ red-brown, banded with paler yelloAV. Larva pale yellowish- 
green with green dorsal and two similar lateral stripes; head and horns black; rests in day-time on the 
under surface of the leaves of Celtis lycodoxylon, feeding only at night. Pupa pale green, compressed, with a 
; parisatis . ventral row of sharply keeled projections; head with long horns, parisatis Westw. (114e), of which we figure the 
wet-season form from Assam, ranges from the Kumaon Himalaya to the Shan States; specimens from Sikkim, 
where the S3 are very common up to an altitude of 5000 ft., whereas the $$ are extremely scarce, are of 
atacinus. inferior size, with pale brown under surface. —■ atacinus subsp. nov. inhabits Southern India, where the cater¬ 
pillar is found on Celtis tetranda Roxb. It is a local form approaching camiba (114 e) from Ceylon, but the 
$$ are larger, paler red-brown, more profusely streaked with yellow, and likewise very scarce. In the Nilgiris 
camiba. it ascends to nearly 6000 ft. ■— - camiba M oore (114 e) is found in the hill-country in Ceylon throughout the year. 
The figured £ belongs to the dry-season form, those of the wet-season being larger and rather red-brown. -—- 
tonkiniana. tonkiniana Fruhst. is the largest form of parisatis known, the length of the S forewing being 29 mm against 
23—25 of those from Siam and Sikkim. In my 5 S3 the fore wing lacks the white apical dot distinguish¬ 
ing all other forms. Beneath it differs from Sikkim and Siam specimens in having on the forewing the discal 
band pale blue and at least three times as wide, lacking on the hindwing the violet submarginal band. Both 
wings are, moreover, more broadly suffused with brown underneath. The ground-colour of the $ is very 
dark yellow-brown, with darker black-brown spots and bands than appear in Moore’s figure 2b on PI. 194. 
Beneath it differs from fig. 2 c in the more sharply scalloped discal bands of both wings and a distinct black 
siamensis. submarginal band. Type from Than-Moi (Tonkin), June, July. -—- siamensis subsp. nov. (115 a). S smaller than 
Tonkin-specimnes, with more intense and profuse violet-white spotting underneath; $ uncommonly pale yellow- 
brown, with broader white median bands underneath than in Sikkim or Tonkin $$. Collected by me in Siam, 
at about 1000 ft. of altitude, in the dry season in January. The form from the Malay Peninsula is presumably 
alike. The $$ visit flowers and keep away up in the trees, whereas the S3 1 ° ve to settle on wet spots on the 
ground or on rocks. The black scales are very loose, in consequence of which it is almost impossible to obtain 
staurakius. a really good specimen. -—- staurakius subsp. nov. from Hongkong surpasses in size even Tonkin specimens 
of either sex; $ moreover traversed by pale yellow bands, strongly contrasting with the darker and broader 
brown-black submarginal bands. According to Walker not scarce from March until May, the S3 flying in 
hainana. full sunshine, the $$ preferring the shade. — hainana subsp. nov. has been but lately discovered in the island 
of Hainan, whence I have 2 S3 of the rainy-season, differing from Hongkong S3 ' n the paler red-brown 
sumatrensis. basal spots of the hindwings. — sumatrensis Stgr. (114 e) is characterized by the broad apical spot of the fo¬ 
rewing which, especially in S3 from North-eastern Sumatra, is rather paler red-brown. The $ is darker yellow- 
brown than that of siamensis. Dr. Martin reports that the S3 assemble in damp and muddy spots of the 
roads, where they may be easily taken with the net; but unfortunately the deep velvety-black irroration is as 
easily rubbed off as the blue dew on a plum. According to Dr. Hagen the S3 may be very easily caught on 
the ordure of the Musang (Palm-marten), which greatly attracts them. The $$ differ but slightly from those 
of the Continent, being in colouring intermediate between siamensis and parisatis. My S3 from Padang-Boven- 
javana. land in Western Sumatra are somewhat darker than those from the Sultanate of Deli. -—- javana Fruhst. 
(115 a). S smaller than those from Sikkim, easily recognized on the forewings underneath by having all the spots 
in the cell red-brown instead of black; the discal band of the hindwing is more rectilinear and, beyond the 
cellwall, not black, but redbrown. The $ is rather variable, a pale yellow dry-season form alternating with a 
more red-brown rainy-season form. Both differ from Continental specimens in the more distinct white sub¬ 
marginal dots of the forewings and the darker base of the wings. Moreover, they possess 5 white subapical 
dots against only 3—4 in the Indian specimens. Underneath the discal band is more sharply undulate. Also 
of the S we know a dry-season form with paler, more unicolorous under surface, without any violet shading. 
rufidncta. East and West Java, not scarce at altitudes of up to 2—4000 ft. — ruficincta Lathy may be recognized by 
the particularly large spot at the anal angle of the upper surface of the hindwings. Nias, very scarce, only 
bomeana. 2 S3 known in the Adams Collection of the British Museum. -—- borneana Fruhst. from Borneo differs from the 
Siam and Sikkim form in the presence of a black dot between the 1. and 2. median nervure on the forewings 
underneath, which characteristic it shares with nana Stgr. of Palawan; from this, however, it may be di¬ 
stinguished by its larger size and the obsolete submarginal black markings which along the Costa of the 
fore wing and between the radials of the hind wing are replaced by red-brown. The which unfortunately I 
nana. do not know, shows probably an even larger difference. Kina-Balu. -—- nana Stgr. resembles javana Fruhst .; 
the ground-colour of the upper surface of the S3 somewhat darker, the under surface of both wings more 
rhea, distinctly spotted with white. Palawan, very scarce. — rhea Fldr. (110 a). A rare form from the northern Phi- 
