700 
APATURA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
anterior three segments with lateral tufts of hair; feeds on Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Pupa pale green, covered 
with whitish down. Imago common at Mussorie from April till June, and again in September and October. 
namouna. •— Of namouna Dbd. we figured the rainy-season form in Vol. I, PI. 50 ($) and 55 d (§). $$ of the dry- 
season are considerably smaller, with the red-brown band on the under surface of the hindwings barely half as 
wide. Above it varies in as much as on the hindwings the fulvous costal spot may be present, indistinct or 
bhavana. quite absent. Some aberrative specimens have also been named: bhavana Moore (Lep. Ind. I, S. 160) with 
zanoct. but 2 instead of 3 white preapical dots on the fore wings; -—■ zanoa Hew. Hindwings without the white band 
above, but with broader brown terminal border beneath. Assam-<J(J are somewhat larger than those from 
Sikkim, with more intense blue lustre; hindwing with smaller white submarginal dots above and more prominent 
garlanda. brown bands underneath. — garlanda subsp. nov. inhabits Upper Burma and the Shan States. The transcel- 
lular white spots on the upper surface of the fore wings are less marked than in Sikkim <$<$, and the red-brown 
miranda. longitudinal band on the hindwings beneath is unusually narrow. -—- miranda Fruhst. differs from namouna 
Dbd. in having on both wings the spots larger and the white bands broader. On the hindwings in addition 
two costal and one uncommonly large orange anal spot. On the hindwings the brown submarginal band beneath 
is broader than in namouna from Sikkim, the silvery submarginal area correspondingly narrower, as are also 
the silvery subanal lunules on the forewings. In $ the spots and bands are clear white, not yellowish as in 
namoima from Sikkim. These lovely butterflies have the same habits as Charaxes, visiting excrements or stones 
at the edge of water-courses covered with rotting substances; resting with folded wings, and displaying in the 
claribella. sun their lovely silvery underside. Siam, Muok-Lek (1000 ft.), January and February. — claribella Fruhst. 
(115 b) is larger than its allies, from which it may be distinguished by the greatly produced apex; the white 
spots on the forewings are larger, the median bands narrower than in namouna. Beneath it differs from the 
latter as well as from miranda in the much broader brown submarginal bands, which encroach like long teeth 
upon the silvery-white submarginal area. This form I only found at Than-Moi, Tonkin, in June and July 
martini. 1900. -—• martini Fruhst. approaches in its small size the dry-season form from Sikkim; all the subapical 
spots round, not angular, those nearest the cell isolated; ground-colour rather brown than black; underneath 
the submarginal bands darker brown, the brown admarginal line of the hindwings much narrower even than in 
dry-season dlS of namouna from Sikkim and Burma. But the greatest difference is observed in the $, a 
specimen of which in the Dohrn collection at Stettin is said by Dr. Martin to be entirely black. Battak 
Mountains, Sumatra. It is pretty certain that martini occurs also in the mountainous part of the Malay Peninsula. 
chevana. Of A. chevana we know in Indo-China two forms: chevana Moore (116 a) is an exceedingly rare form, 
occurring from Sikkim as far as the Naga-Hills and Upper Burma. Of the $ only one specimen is known in 
the Druce collection at London; it differs from the <J in the broader white markings and the absence of the 
Jeechii. blue gloss. — leechii Moore (Vol. I, p. 164, PI. 51b) inhabits Western China. 
A. ulupi is the oldest name of an Indo-Chinese collective species, better known under the name of A. 
ulupi. julva. ulupi Doh. of which hitherto only one specimen is known, in the Elwes collection, is smaller, with broader 
fulva. black outer border than chrysolora (115 b). From Margherita, Upper Assam. — fulva Leech (Vol. I, p. 164, PI. 
subcaerulea. 51a) develops two £ forms: subcaerulea Leech (Vol. I, p. 163, PI. 50e) and setia Fruhst., both lacking on 
selm • the hindwings above the grey or greenish-white longitudinal band. I have a $ in which this band is comple¬ 
tely absent, being replaced on the hindwing by a row of 3 roundish rufous transcellular spots; this difference 
dubernardi. is possibly peculiar to the form from Tien-Tsuen whence the type came. •—- dubertiardi Oberth. from Tseku 
chrysolora. (Yunnan) approaches again ulupi in its small size and darker colouring. —- Of the insular chrysolora Fruhst. 
(115 b) ( = una Wilem.), which curiously appears like a pale form of the continental fulva Leech, with greatly 
reduced black apical border and quite narrow black spot at the end of the cell in the forewing, I recently 
formosana. obtained 3 quite different $ forms, the most common of which is formosaoa Moltr., analogous to subcaerulea 
Leech, but both wings with clear white instead of yellowish, longitudinal bands on a pale green ground, 
pseudo- underneath with pale green basal area. — fa. pseudopallas Fruhst., so called on account of its similarity 
pallets. | :0 pallas Leech, with a narrow deep ochreous band on dark green ground; underneath the basal area dark 
pseudo- moss-green. — pseudofasciola form, nov., called after Apatura fasciola Leech (Vol. I, p. 164, PI. 51 a), which 
fasciola. [(3 reS embles in the bright ochreous colouring of the light areas above. In the mountains of Formosa; not 
very scarce; one of the many discoveries of Sauter’s. 
ilia. A. ilia is represented in the Indian Region by here Fldr., being reported be Bingham also from Upper 
nikosia ® urma an(1, the Shan States. •—- nikosia subsp. nov., a dark insular race, replacing here in Formosa, differing 
from the Japanese and Chinese forms in the larger size and more profuse black spotting. Formosa. Type 1 $ 
in v. Plessen’s collection at Munich. 
recidiva. 
A. iris recidiva Stich. (Vol. I, p. 161) was renamed in 1912 chrysina Oberth. 
