DIAGORA; HESTINA. By H. Fruiistorfer. 
703 
paler than above, the reddish spots larger and more distinct, a red spot also at the extreme base. Hind- 
wings above with a reddish elongate spot at the anal angle and a series of reddish marginal spots, the 
inner of which is always most distinct. Beneath paler, with 3 reddish subbasal spots edged with black; inner 
margin broadly reddish, both cells with a reddish spot outside. Palpi crimson beneath; collar likewise; fore 
tibiae chiefly reddish. Length: 25—28 mm.; expanse of wings 70—85 mm. Formosa (Horisha). 
52. Genus: Diagora Snell. 
This genus, which is better known under the later name of Parhestinci Moore, has its chief home in China 
and Japan, whence it has spread to Formosa, the Shan States and the Northwestern Himalayas. The several 
species mimick certain Pierids and even more closely Danaids, without, however, following any particular 
model, so that one cannot speak either of convergency or mimetism. (Cf. Vol. I, p. 1G7). 
Of D. persimilis we know two local races in the Himalayas: zella Btlr., the larger form, with broader zella. 
whitish green areas above and correspondingly diminished black spots, than the name-type from Sikkim and 
Nepal. The larva was first figured by Niceville; it feeds on Celtis australis L., is green with lateral spines on 
each segment, those at the head longest. Pupa compressed, with a keeled line and red-brown ventral rings. 
Imago at elevations of from 4—-7000 ft. in open woods or fruit-orchards, alighting on ripe plums and apricots, 
both on the trees and on the ground. -—- persimilis Westio. (116 d). $ but slightly larger than rf. Nepal and persimilis. 
Sikkim, scarce, at low elevations. My collection contains an extreme dry-season form with quite obsolete black 
markings, and surpassing in the extent of the pale areas even normal zella from Cashmere. 
D. nicevillei Moore should possibly be placed near subviridis Leech. Only one is known from the nicevillei. 
northwestern Himalayas, taken by Niceville at the end of May 1879 near Chumba on a forestpath. The mark¬ 
ings of the upper surface remind one of P. macareus ; yellowish with black border and veins; under surface 
with delicate black network and broadly yellow border of the sub median area. 
D. men a is the oldest name of a number of conspicuous forms which inhabit China, extending south¬ 
ward to the Shan States and Upper Burma. — mena Moore , locality not known, probably came from Upper mena. 
Burma; it resembles somewhat a Calinaga, in the arrangement of the black markings nigrivena Leech (Vol. I, 
p. 167, pi. 60 b). Ground-colour yellowish, hindwing with a series of flattened black submarginal spots, viridis 
Leech is a larger greenish form from Central China. — nigrivena Leech. Hindwings with elongate black nigrivena 
anteterminal striae in a yellow area. According to Walker in Hongkong; still more common at Kowlung and 
Canton, in April and May. Larva not unlike that of A. iris , green, changing to a green pupa. — subdecora subdecora. 
Fruhst., locality not known (perhaps Hongkong), differs from the Chinese forms which 1 know in the absence 
of the black intranerval spots on the hind wing. Groundcolour about intermediate between mena Moore and viridis 
Leech. 
Of D. japonica (Vol. I, p. 167, pi. 56 b, c) my collection contains a local or other form not described japonica. 
so far: yata subsp. or form. nov. with chiefly greenish colour; the black markings more obsolete than in austra- yata. 
lis Leech which it otherwise resembles. The exact locality not known. —- manja subsp. nov. $ smaller than manja. 
japonica, fore wings with increased black markings above. Formosa, scarce. 
53. Genus: Hestina Westw. 
Structurally so closely resembling the preceding genus, that previous authors united the two. In 
Vol. 1 Hestina was placed between the Limenitidi and Vanessidi, but anatomical investigation has shown it 
to be undoubtedly an Apaturid; penis very long, saccus thread-like, valve apaturoid throughout, uncus short, 
very delicate. Valve most simple, of equal length as the uncus, without the lobe-shaped projection found in 
Apatura and Sasakia. The difference in the position of the third subcostal nervule between the various species 
has been pointed out by Dr. Schatz; but the justice of separating it from Diagora Snell, remains to be pro¬ 
ved. The earlier stages are not known. It occurs from China and the adjacent islands to the Macromalayan 
islands and Celebes. 
