EURIPUS. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
70 
56. Genus : E^iiripus Westw. 
Formerly this genus comprised a number of quite different forms, being definitely circumscribed only 
by Moore. In one respect Euripus approaches Hestina with which it seems most closely related. We give 
here the distinguishing characteristics based on the type, E. halitherses Dbl. a. Hew., in which species Euripus 
deviates from all other Apaturid genera by the position of the 2. subcostal nervule which arises even farther 
beyond the end of the cell than in H. assimilis, quite near the 3. But in its further course this nervule proves 
not at all constant in Hestina, for which reason it cannot be. depended on to separate the two genera. The best 
means to distinguish Euripus from Hestina nama is the single, straight precostal, which, however, is straight 
also in H. assimilis. Although the halitherses $$ differ widely from the A<S hr outward appearance, they 
closely agree in venation; in the palpi, however, they deviate considerably; those of the ES are quite normal, 
of the very long, the middle segment curved in S-shape, thickening at the end, the terminal segment 
quite minute and egg-shaped. Also the sexual organs differ but slightly from those of Hestina. Valve spatula¬ 
shaped, with the edges slightly turned upwards, not cut out distally as in Hestina. The most interesting 
characteristic of the genus is the dissimilarity between the sexes and the Polychroism of the <$<$, in which 
they surpass even those of Hypolimnas bolina, almost every $ form mimicking a different Euploea model. 
But all the extremes are again connected with each other by intermediate forms, which however vary according 
to the locality, so that, f. i. we find 22 with completely white hindwings only in Sikkim, those with yellow¬ 
ish-white hindwings only in Tonkin and entirely brown only in Borneo. This individual variability of the 
$$ is augmented by a slight differentiation according to the season, which also influences the in that they 
may be lighter or darker, and on the islands we observe occasionally a change in the colour of the under surface 
of the hindwings. Mr. Bell discovered the earlier stages which were first described by Niceville. Egg green, 
rather higher than broad, with 22 ribs. Larva on Urticaceae, like that of Ergolis, but distinguished by the 
absence of the dorsal spines characteristic of Ergolis. Head with two lateral horns and 3 or 4 short spines. 
Head and segments dark green. Pupa like that of Apatura camiba Moore. The three known species are distri- 
luted throughout the entire Oriental Region, from Sikkim to South India, Indo-China, the Philippines and Macro- 
malayan Islands. In Ceylon the genus is not found, neither in Bali farther east, but is represented in Celebes by 
a wonderful species, thedargest of the genus. Gc? occasionally frequent, $$ everywhere extraordinarily scarce. 
Occurs on the lower hills, but never above 3000 ft. 
E. halitherses is enormously sensitive toward climatic as well as geographical influences, having there¬ 
fore developed a great number of local and insular forms. All inhabit the forest, and if there has been no rain 
for several days, and the hot sun beats down from a cloudless sky, they retreat to the cool and shady borders 
of watercourses where they have a rendez-vous on the moist sands. The Gc? like to alight on horsedung, with 
the wings closed, being so oblivious of every thingaround them that they may be taken up with the pincers. 
But on the wing they are very shy, their flight being jerking and unsteady, greatly resembling Athyrna with 
which they may then be easily confounded, halitherses Dbl. (114 d) inhabits Sikkim and Assam, $ with bluish- halitherses. 
white or more often yellowish blotches above. Of the $ we know 8 forms: gulussa Fruhst. (115c). Hind- gulussa. 
wings almost completely white, also the inner margin of the forewings laved with white, and with a broadly 
white transcellular oblique band. Presumably an extreme dry season form. Besides the typical form I also 
possess 2 $$ from Sikkim showing a complete darkening of the submedian area of the forewing, and pale 
brown submarginal spots on the hindwing. After these comes isa Moore (114 d), interesting on account of its isa. 
similarity to Eupl. rhadamanthus F. — neda Fruhst. is intermediate, with large white submarginal dots in a pale neda. 
or dark brown border, hindwings with white stripes. — pademoides Fruhst. resembles somewhat the figured pademoides. 
palavensis (115c); a blue discal dash and a series of eight obsolete white stripes on the hindwings, all on 
brown ground. Very scarce, only known to me from Moore’s figure (Lep. Indica III, pi. 204 fig. 1 and 1 a) — 
haliartus Fldr., another rare form having both wings brown above, bordered with blackish and dotted with haliartus. 
violet. Forewings with white spot before the end of the cell and a whitish subapical band dissected by the 
ribs into 5 elongate spots the lower of which is obsolete. Hindwings white at base, with a submarginal 
row of white dots dusted with lilac. Under surface brown, with the markings of the upper side repeated. 
— alcathoeoides Nicev. Ground-colour brown, hindwings with the distal area laved with yellowish-white, mi- alcaihoe- 
mieking Euploea alcathoe. Three $$ from Siam and Assam have the forewings adorned by terminal spots arran 0 f t6 ' 
ged in pairs. Underside fuscous, with the terminal spots of the upper surface repeated, but without the yellow 
area in the place of which there are some yellowish submarginal dots terminating proximally in sharp points. 
