710 
HELCYRA. By H. Frtjhstoreer. 
meridiona- Moore (Lep. Indica III, p. 46). — meridionalis Wood-Mas. inhabits southern India where Doherty found it 
hs - in the Eastern Ghats as high as 5000 ft. Bell discovered the larva in the Kanara District. The name-type 
eurinus. came from Trevandrum, Travancore. — eurimis Fruhst. (115 c J, d $). $ differs in the broader black distal 
border of the hind wings from Indian consimilis. Among the $$ we know those with white abdomen, ringed 
a mala, with black dorsally, and those with entirely black abdomen. To the former belong: $ fa. amala Fruhst. 
sunta. Ground-colour yellowish; its general appearance reminds us of Parhestina mena Moore. #sunta Fruhst. 
(115 c), clear white, suffused with milky blue; differing from consimilis $ in the black intramedian submarginal 
spots on the hindwings. Discovered by Pavie in Siam, between Bangkok and Xieng-Mai, figured byPouJADE 
diocletiana. in Nouvelles Archives du Musee de Paris. — $ fa. diocletiana Fruhst. A lovely form copying Eupl. diodetia- 
nus (rhadamanthus) , analogous to Euripus halitherses $ ab. isa (Moore, fig. 1 b, pi. 203), differing from it only 
in the absence of the white apical spots on the forewings and of the white punctate row on the hinclwing. 
Before the apex of the cell in the forewing a very broad white blotch, at the base a bluish-white wedge-shaped 
spot, and an indistinct suffusion on the submedian nervure. At the anal angle a rudimentary red spot. Under- 
gudila. side as above, but with the white marginal dots broader. Abdomen black, -^gudila Fruhst. (115 cl). Ground¬ 
colour blackish-blue. Forewings with 6 indistinct white admarginal spots towards the anal angle, and 3 blue, 
obsolete submarginal spots. Hindwing with a distinct row of white terminal dots and a submarginal row of 
5 heavy, nearly quadrate, clear white spots growing narrower inwardly. Between 3. median and submedian a 
red dot. Under surface as above, with the admarginal dots on the forewings more distinct, but the rest 
reduced and less clear white. Abdomen black, dotted with white beneath. This aberration has some resemblance 
triquilla. with Pap. papone Westw. triquilla Fruhst. Entirely bluish-black, with a few obsolete terminal dots on the 
hindwing and an obsolete red dot. Under surface: Apical area of the forewings and the hindwings dark fus¬ 
cous. Basal area of forewings blue-black, distal area of hindwing jet-black. Both wings with several white 
admarginal dots, otherwise unmarked. The AS of eurinus are extraordinarily shy. I encountered them only 
in the forenoon in open woods, where they rested in the hottest sunshine on dead limbs, even of felled trees. 
When frightened they fly over the tops of the highest trees into the woods. After a long absence, however, they 
return to their resting place. The $$ I always saw at the borders of half dried-up water-holes grown with 
rushes, resting with the wings folded, very much like the $$ of certain Euploids and Papilio. They also are 
exceedingly wary and it is for that reason very difficult to capture really good specimens. I wish to add that 
all my specimens, both AS and I took within a very few days early in February, the dry and relatively cold 
period, but it seems that there also occurs a second brood, for Otto Moller took E. consimilis in the Terai 
(Sikkim) between July and September. Major Adamson found some AS at Bhamo in October and Novem¬ 
ber, the $$ in May. 
57. Genus: Fldr. 
The two species of this genus count among the most interesting butterflies of Asia, first on account 
of their plain white and black upper surface and the charaxoid silverwhite underside, and second on account 
of their irregular, distribution in China and the Eastern Himalayas, then again in Java, Amboina and New 
Guinea. Dr. Martin wrote that one of his collectors found near Macassar a form closely allied to IF hemina, 
from which it would appear that Helcyra has about the same distribution as the genus Dichorrhagia, only 
that the range of the latter extends farther in the Macromalayan Archipelago. Sexual organs apaturoid, 
uncus and valve of about equal length; the former with feebly curved point, valve like that of Apatura 
produced so to form a lobe, gently rounded ventrally, with a spine-like dorsal appendage at the middle. 
Penis long, sword-shaped, saccus thread-like. 
superba. Of H. hemina we know 3 local forms in the Indian Region: superba Leech (Vol. I, p. 168, pi. 52 b) has 
hemina. come frequently to Europe during the past few decades. Western China. —• hemina Hew. (116 c) is one of the 
rarest Sikkim-butterflies, flying during summer at altitudes of from 3000—4000 ft. Its flight is very rapid. In 
Assam it is during some years somewhat more abundant. Doherty found a A in the Naga Hills, and several 
masinia. other specimens near the ruby mines in Upper Burma, in June. — masinia Fruhst. (116 c) I discovered in 1892 
on the edge of a creek on the Plateau of Pengalengan (West Java) at an elevation of about 4500 ft.; I first 
thought it was a dwarf Eriboea delphis ; ground-colour rather yellowish-green instead of milky-white, the 
distal border of the fore wings growing broader anally. On the hindwings the admarginal band and the black 
submarginal spots broader, especially in the Under surface even darker than the upper surface. All the 
