APATURJNA. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
711 
black markings much more transparent, and the fine submarginal lunules thinner than in hemina. 8 38 mm, 
$ 43 mm. The black border of the hindwings is broader than in Hewitson’s figure of hemina, and the rather 
larger black spots on the hindwings have no fine black lunules on the side towards the base. According to 
Snellen, hemina is mentioned in Dr. H. J. Veth’s ,,Uebersicht dessen, was insbesondere durch die Nieder- 
lande geschehen ist fiir die Kenntnis der Fauna von Niederlandisch Indien“, Leiden 1879, which says that 
Messrs. Ivuhl and van Hasselt discovered hemina in Java as early as 1820—22, and that the specimen is in the 
Museum of Leiden. But it was I who in 1893 first described the Java form. -— A closely allied form was ob¬ 
served by Doherty from Pada-Dalung in Sumba, but could not be captured, and Dr. Hagen reported having 
received once 4 wings of a Helcyra in Celebes *); this would probably be a transition to H. chionippe. of which chionippe. 
we know two insular races: chionippe Fldr., one of the greatest rarities of Amboina (surely also in Ceram), 
larger than hemina and masinia. Linder surface of hindwings broadly bordered with black. — thyiada subsp. th/jiada. 
nov., discovered by Meek on the Aroa River (British New Guinea), after Hagen had already in 1897 reported it 
from the Sattelberg in Kaiser Wilhelmslancl. Smaller in size than the Moluccan chionippe, and the upper sur¬ 
face of the hindwings more broadly bordered with black; underneath this border may or may not be present. 
— As kibleri Weym. a similar form was discribed from the Arfak Mountains in Dutch New Guinea; $ with only kibleri. 
two or three white subapical spots on the forewings. 
58. Genus: Apaturlna H.-Schdfj. 
This, the last genus of the Apatura group, is at once distinguished by its great size; the ocelli between 1. 
and 2. median nervules so characteristic of Apatura, which in most of the preceding genera were more or less in¬ 
distinct, are generally quite complete, both on the upper and lower surfaces of either wing. From Apatura it 
only differs in having the cells closed. Palpi and antennae quite like those of Apatura ; in venation it deviates 
but very slightly; the 3. subcostal nervule arises a little nearer to the end of the cell, and the precostal 
of the hindwing is bifurcate at the end, but the latter is in all Apaturids not constant. Both species of this genus 
count among the loveliest and largest Apaturids in the eastern Tropics. Ground-colour above black, with a 
yellowish or white macular band before the apex of the forewings; but the disk of the hindwing and the base 
of the forewing display a gorgeous iridescence of steel-blue changing to a metallic green or violet, according 
to the angle of vision. (Dr. Schatz). Sexual organs as in Apatura ; uncus shorter than valve, which latter 
is nearly triangular, with a dorsal lobe. Tegumen with distinct scaphium, revealing thereby its relationship 
with Dichorrhagia. Penis sword-shaped, saccus thread-like. Inhabits the lowlands in Melanesia and the Mo¬ 
luccan Subregion. 
A. erminea is found throughout the Moluccas and Papuan islands in a number of different forms, 
some of which are sharply enough separated to deserve specific rights. Only one form with brown $$ (papuana) 
has been examined anatomically; and it is not unlikely that the forms with 8-like $$ belong to a separate 
species. But since there exist in the 8 sex some intermediate forms, connecting erminea (with brown $$) 
with the North Moluccan form (with blue $?), there exist possibly also $$ connecting the otherwise separate 
forms. Leaving these questions to the future, we here separate erminea Cr. (114 a). 8 forewings with white erminea. 
bands, $ like papuana $ (114 a), but larger and with the ground-colour of the hindwings fulvous instead of yello¬ 
wish-brown. Also the apical spots white. Under surface of hindwings very richly adorned with white, with the 
postdiscal dots larger than in the other forms. Scarce, in Amboina and Ceram. -— mirona Fruhst., the Burn mirona. 
form, approaches-— strange to say — much more ribbei Rob. from Batjan than erminea Cr. from the much nearer is¬ 
lands of Ceram and Amboina; indeed it resembles it to such an extent that none but a very practised eye can 
discover that the lustre of the wings is more blue than greenish, as in ribbei. On the forewings the subapical 
dots roundish as in Obi specimens, and not so triangular as in ribbei ; the blue submarginal band of the 
hindwings broader than in ribbei, but narrower than in erminea from Amboina. Under surface lighter than 
in ribbei, the eye-spot between 2. and 3. median on the hindwings more obsolete, mirona is intermediate bet¬ 
ween erminea from the southern and ribbei from the northern Moluccas, but is the smallest of all known forms. 
Island of Buru, Miro. November. My collection contains no $$, and Holland received from Doherty 
only 88) so that I assume the $$ are still unknown. — erinna Fruhst. differs from all the allied forms in crinna. 
*) H. celebensis Mart was discovered by its author also at Palu (Central Celebes); both wings have the brown distal 
margins twice as wide as in masinia. 
