714 
PROTHOE. By H. Frtthstorfer 
interspace with a distinct X like figure. Hindwings with moss-grey or blue-green, proximally oblong submar¬ 
ginal spots and one or two reddish or brownish subanal lunules. Inhabitants of the forest, confined to the lower 
angelica, plains and ascending on the lower hills to about 1500 feet. — angelica Btlr. (type from Tenasserim), resembles 
somewhat franckii, but has the white, blue bordered band not complete, but broken up into a series of 5 white 
isolated spots extending to the lower median. Under surface darker than in the insular races, with the black 
area broader, covering nearly the entire anterior third of the hindwings. According to Doherty sometimes 
rather common at the foot of the Karen Hills, met with once on the decaying carcass of a dead Python. 
Ha ux well states that it is extremely shy, alighting preferably on treetrunks, never more than two or three feet 
nausikaa. above the ground. It flies from March till September. — nausikaa Fruhst., a local race newly discovered in 
Tonkin distinguished by its large size, of which I only captured 3 $$ during the rainy season. Its size is 
about. y 3 larger than franckii from Java or even West Sumatra; the white stripe within the blue band on 
the forewings more irregular on both sides, appearing, as it were, torn and frayed out. Forewings underneath 
with bluish-white median spots; hindwings with sharply defined, black elongate spots, embedded on grey ground. 
vilma. The lunulate subanal spot deep redbrown, very narrow. —■ vilma Fruhst. differs from uniformis Btlr. of Perak 
in having the scent-hair on the hindwings grey instead of red-brown, and in the pale blue transverse band 
of the forewings; the white stripe but faintly indicated and scaled with blue. The upper surface of the hind¬ 
wings is not dark, but dusted with pale greyish blue. From nausicaa of Tonkin with which vilma shares the un¬ 
usually deep and broad black spots, the Siam form differs in the small size and the narrow white streak within 
the blue band on the forewing, characterizing franckii and its local forms. But on the underside of the fore¬ 
wings both nausicaa and vilma have a common, though insignificant characteristic which is not found in any 
other form of franckii, consisting in a transverse X mark embedded between the middle and lower median. 
A foreAving measures 48 mm. Muok-Lek (Central Siam), February (dry season) at. an altitude of 1000 ft. — 
uniformis. uniformis Btlr. is found in the Malay Peninsula, differing from the northerly forms in the unicolorous blue band 
on the forewings ; according to Distant there occur also specimens with white mottling, forming a transition 
nicostrate. to angelica Btlr. from Tenasserim and vilma of Siam. — nicostrate Fruhst. Avas discovered by Dr. Hagen on the 
island of Banka in May 1905. In contradistinction to uniformis, the blue area of the foreAvings is interrupted 
irma. by broad blue mottling. — irma subsp. nov. refers to the large-sized form of western Sumatra. Although larger 
than uniformis. the very broad pale cobalt-blue band of the forewings is only marked with white in places, only 
the spots at the costal margins being clear white. Under surface characterized by the relatively large, dull red¬ 
dish brown subanal spots. From near Padang-Pandjang, where it is not very scarce. 10 6 $$ in my collec¬ 
tion. Specimens from Northeastern Sumatra are smaller, representing a transition to nicostrate from Banka, 
in the more conspicuous Avhite spots within the blue band on the forewings. Hagen reports about, the Sumatra 
form of franckii that it generally is only encountered in the deepest woods, Avhere it. may be observed in the 
morning and evening sipping the sap of trees, with the wings extended or alternatingly opening and closing, 
generally together with Amathusia, Kallima and Neorina. They also alight with their head downwards and the 
wings closed, on tree trunks at. about, man’s height, being well protected by the moss-green and grey colouring 
niasica. of their under side. — niasica Bob. is by its author compared Avith borneensis (121 b), but someAvhat smaller, 
with the white spots on the forewings sometimes very much blurred. Underneath easily recognized by the much 
larger brown anal spot on the hindwings and the increased brown spots in the submarginal and outer median 
areas, also by the peculiar yellowish-grey tinge of the basal zone of the hindwings. Island of Nias, only 
cephalinia. are known. — cephalinia subsp. nov. has on the foreAving the white band narrower, more richly suffused with blue 
than niasica. The subapical spots on the forewings, however, larger than in the Nias form. Under surface 
with a broader violet oblicpie band. Hindwings with a complete roAv of dark green, uniform anteterminal 
franckii. spots, approaching irma from West Sumatra. Batu Islands, type in the British Museum. — In franckii Godt. 
(121b) the white bands reach among the true Macromalayan races their maximum development, displaying in 
the $ only a feebly blue tinge at the outside. Also on the under side the blue-white band and paler yelloAA' 
apical area of the forewings differ from those of irma Fruhst. East and West Java, especially in the East, AA’here 
I could capture large series of this lovely species on hung-up fruit, in the then existing beautiful forests of the 
Zuider Mountains to the South of Malang at about 1000—1600 ft. of altitude. Unless attracted by some bait, 
franckii is met Avith only singly, being extremely shy, and appearing as a rule only during the hours of the forenoon, 
hiding during the afternoon in the shade of the woods. Occasionally it alights on treetrunks, always with the 
head downwards, like the American Prepona, and loves to sip the sweet or fermenting sap. It is easily scared 
and may only be captured with the utmost care. Its flight is uncertain, jerking. But like all Prothoe, they return 
