732 
CHARAXES. By H. Fruhstoreer. 
Birma and Tenasserim. I admit that the Indo-Chinese areal race is entitled to be regarded as a subspecies, 
because it exhibits almost only brown <$<$, while white-banded ones occur exceptionally. Owing to the black 
apical area it much rather resembles the Micromalayan branches than the forms from Assam and Sikkim; 
the under surface of the remains darker and is more variegated. To agna belong presumably also the brown 
which I found in January—February in Siam near Muok-Lek, while specimens from the Naga Hills figured 
by Moore (Lep.Ind. II, table 178, f 1 b and c) are more closely allied to the Tonkin race, agna is reported 
to occur in Tenasserim up to altitudes of 2000 m. According to Moore, specimens were also collected in the 
hierax. Mergni-Archipelago. -— hierax Fldr. (136 b) is the most variable local form. It exhibits already more frequently 
white-banded <$<3 than monotonous brown ones, and specimens of both sexes surpass all the allies in the size 
and beauty of colours. Besides, the Assam race is peculiar of certain varieties: such as and 2 $ with a 
bluish-grey dusted basal region of the upper surface of both wings and 2 with blackish-blue proximal half 
and the most extensive greyish-violet submarginal part of both wings. This geographical offshoot has naturally 
corax. also been the most variously denominated. without a white band of the forewings were called corax Fldr., 
harpax. and d'cj with somewhat more divided black apical covering harpax Fldr. If the white band of the forewings 
hipponax. is extended as far as to the submedian and proximally bordered by black streaks, we have f. hipponax Fldr. 
jalinder. In case these subbasal discal black small stripes be absent, we have jalinder Btlr. • — But the white area may 
also traverse the whole forewing as far as to the inner margin and the forewings may exhibit white or yellow 
khasianus. intranerval, anteterminal maculae (= khasianus Btlr.), or these submarginal spots may be«absent: pleistoanax 
pleistoanax. g^ldr. (= khimalara Btlr.). On our table 136 the names have been mixed up: fig. a 1 and 2 are to be changed 
into pleistoanax and fig. 3 and 4 into khasianus). In the $ all the variants of the are repeated, except 
that the form being above brown or yellow-banded, analogous to f. sinensis B. and J ., is absent. Except the 
deviations figured by us there exist still more extreme variants, such as 2$ with the broad black submarginal 
band traversing the whole hindwing, appearing still more extensive than in our pleistoanax- 2- Our figures 
show the two possibilities of expansion of the white area of the hindwings: only to the second median {plei¬ 
stoanax) or to the anal angle ( khasianus ). The 2 of khasianus is rare. To it belongs only one of the 25 $2 
of my collection, whereas 2 $ with pronounced white or yellow submarginal spots of the forewings are the 
ros.sa. rule. The under surface exhibits three differently-coloured principal types: a. rossa form. nov. Under surface 
reddish-brown, only with yellowish indications of the median bands being white above. Forewing above also 
with a relatively broad red-yellow distal margin. Presumably an extreme dry period form. (3. reddish-brown 
with very broad pale-yellow areas chiefly in connection with the upper surface being coloured as in f. plei¬ 
stoanax. y. with blackish-grey imposing bands and whitish or cream-coloured repetitions of the bands of the 
upper surface, especially in connection with f. khasiana. Assam, Khasia- and Naga Hills. In Sikkim we meet 
hindia. a geographical vicarious type of a smaller habitus, denominated bitldia Btlr. (134 d as jalinder) and here men¬ 
tioned as a special subspecies. Both the sexes are above throughout lighter yellowish-brown and the relatively 
narrow whitish band of the forewing of the not very rarely with a yellowish hue. Besides, <$3 with yellow 
submarginal spots of the forewings are much more common than in Assam and, judging by the under surface, 
a much greater percentage of Sikkim- ( J C J belongs to f. rossa than we are able to ascertain in Assam specimens. 
Monotonously brown <$$, however, are either very rare or do not occur at all, at least they are not in my col¬ 
lection. Beside hazy reddish-brown ones we meet also $$ with quite white narrow median bands of the under 
surface of both wings, being composed of cubiform spots. The most common 2 is that of f. pleistoanax. Blackish- 
grey or violet-grey bands on the under surface as in khasiana, seem not to occur in the 22 °f hindia. But I 
possess from Assam not one 2 with such purely white areas of the upper surface, as the 2 136 a 4 from Sikkim. 
According to Niceville flying all the year round, but only on low elevations. One of the most common Sik- 
hemana. kim butterflies. — hemana Btlr. is found from Nepal to Masuri and the Kumaon-Himalaya. above characterized 
by a reddish-brown distal margin of the forewings. Upper surface generally resembling more the Ch. imna 
(136 d) than polyxena, but the black distal band in the anal angle of the forewings tapers off and the ground¬ 
colour appears throughout lighter brown-yellow. Only one 2 form is known with a conspicuously dull-yellow 
upper surface. Forewing with yellow margin like in the <$, besides with a whitish median band and ochre- 
yellow postdiscal spots between the posterior radial and the proximal margin. Very rare in the collections. 
crepax. — crepax subsp. nov. is in the male sex closely allied to polyxena agna Moore from Tenasserim, exhibiting a 
black distal margin being especially in the anal angle of the forewing much broader than in the other Macro- 
malayan races. The costal part of the black marginal area of the hindwings more expanded than in from 
Sumatra or Borneo. The normal 2 resembles that of ajax (136 d), but with a narrower yellowish area of the 
forewings and considerably smaller black submarginal dots being also more indistinctly bordered by white, 
parafervens. on the hindwings. f. parafervens form. nov. much rather resembles in the £ that of fervens than of polyxena, 
exhibiting a narrower black apical area of the forewings than the normal specimens. The reduction of the 
black marking coincides with a more considerable shape and a lighter shaded under surface, as well as with 
a more extensive greyish-violet submarginal stripe of the forewings. 2 likewise considerably larger, with a 
cream-coloured median band being costally nearly of a pure white. Hindwing with more considerable black 
tears. Under surface preponderantly sand-coloured whitish-grey, without the light-yellow violet bands of the 
phlegontis. normal female form. The of parafervens was known already to Distant. Malayan peninsula. — phlegontis 
subsp. nov. A melanotic insular race. The black apical margin of the forewings considerably broader than 
