CHARAXES. By H. Fruhstorfeb. 
733 
in ajax Faivc. from Sumatra, the black costal spot of the hindwings enlarged, as well as its submarginal spots. 
Island of Banka, rare. — ajax Faivc. (136 d) is in the sex the most nearly allied to parafervens. Habi- ajax. 
tus very large with somewhat more extensive black apical area than in fervens (136 cl). Like in the Nias species, 
on the upper surface of the hindwings there is also only the costal spot imposing, the others stand isolated. 
Under surface most variable, of a bright red-brown as in the of parafervens, as Distant figures it. Beside 
red-brown there occur also olive-green ones. $ sometimes still larger than the figured specimen, with increa¬ 
sed black bands. Under surface in three shades of colours: a. preponderantly red-brown, (3. with predominant 
straw-yellow, y. with brownish violet bands. Chiefly confined to mountainous districts; described from the 
Battak Mountains, in my collection from Padang Pandjang, Western Sumatra, where ajax is not rare. — acolus acolus. 
subsp. nov. inhabits the forests of the lowland of North East Sumatra. with narrow black marginal zone 
of the forewings, which nearly always exhibits yellowish-brown transcellular small spots. Hindwings as far 
as to the anal angle with coherent tear-shaped submarginal spots. Under surface preponderantly brownish 
grey with dull olive bands; generally less variegated than polyxena ajax from West Sumatra. common, 
but very rare. Dr. Martin found only 2 or 3 specimens during many years. — mitschkei Lathy is a mag- mitschkei. 
nificent discovery of the latest times. approximates enganicus Fruhst. from which it differs beneath by a 
darker brown submarginal zone of the hindwings and by a distinct black terminal line of both the wings which 
is absent in enganicus. Besides, in mitschkei the blue intranerval dots of the hindwings are more reduced. $ 
not yet discovered. Island of Nias. In consequence of the discovery of this real polyxena- race in the island, 
Gh. fervens Btlr. is eliminated from the collective species and raised again to a proper species, as which it even¬ 
tually represents Gh. imna in Nias. — enganicus Fruhst. The <$, compared to the Sumatrans, has narrower enganicus. 
black marginal bands of the forewings. The black apical spot of the hindwings is likewise more reduced, whereas 
the white dotting is much more distinct on most of the specimens. The under surface is of conspicuously light 
colouring and never of a reddish or greyish brown ground-colour, but of a light yellowish-brown total colou¬ 
ring. On the forewing a sharply angled submarginal band attracts our attention, of reddish-brown colour, 
being distally, especially in the anal angle, bordered by greyish violet. The hindwings bear a very broad, light 
yellowish brown marginal band set with large white spots. These white spots are distally bordered by black 
crescents which are proximally bordered by light blue. The $ does in no way exhibit the character of the 
satellite-island. It shows relations to ajax (136 d) the black marginal band of which, however, remains narrower, 
the submarginal spots of the hindwings being also reduced. The total colouring is entirely lighter, the lighter 
yellow area of the forewings more blended with the ground-colour. Under surface dull yellow with prominent 
golden brown submarginal band and very large white intranerval lunets. Island of Engano, rare, time of flying 
from April till July. Not found by Doherty during his visit to the island in September 1890. — varenius Fruhst. varenius. 
(134 cl). This pronounced satellite island race stands between pol. baya Moore from Java and enganicus Fruhst. 
from Engano approximating beneath more enganicus, above more baya. varenius, however, is immediately 
distinguishable from both by the darker brown-red ground-colouring of the upper surface of the wings and the 
extent of the black marginal bordering on all the wings, resembling almost that of plateni Stgr. from Palawan. 
The apical part of the forewings is so broadly bordered.in black that the black oblong spot before the apex 
of the cell, which is isolated in baya, enganicus and repetitus Btlr. etc., is confluent with the distal bor¬ 
dering. The black marginal band of the forewings appears almost as broad again as in baya. On the under 
surface we are struck by the prominent dark reddish-brown submarginal band on all the wings, like in enganicus, 
and by the copious, prominent submarginal white and black dotting of the hindwings. G length of forewings 
40 mm. Bawean. Very rare, only 1 G known. — baya Moore (135 d), the extraordinarily differentiated geo- baya. 
graphical branch of the Island of Java is here for the first time depicted (according to a from the west, to 
a $ from the east of the island). Specimens from the southern mountains and the promontory of the Tengger 
Mountains, East Java, are somewhat darker chestnut-brown, beneath decidedly duller and more uniformly 
red-brown and on an average smaller than specimens from West Java. The ^ may exhibit costally still nar¬ 
rower, but also considerably broader median bands of the forewings, than the £ figured by us. And the pre- 
apical spot of the forewings may almost disappear (135 d) or be very large. As a rule, the west of Java has 
lighter than the east, and in one specimen the band of the forewing discolours almost into white. The 
most interesting characteristic of baya, however, are the very much projecting tails of almost the same length 
and aproaching each other with the tips, as we find them similarly only in the Philippine species. The ground 
colour of the under surface of the $$ may be greenish-brown, red-brown and faded yellow with brownish violet 
patches. not very rare at elevations of up to about 800 m, near Sukabumi and Lawang, $ extremely scarce, 
5 from the east, 4 from the Preangers in my collection. Doherty discovered baya. also in the Island of Bali. 
We may probably expect a homogeneous form from Kangean. — cybistia subsp. nov., & darkened insular race, cybistia. 
fecognizable by the greatly broadened black apical bordering of the forewings the black of which reaches as 
rar as the end of the cell, and a more variegated, though preponderantly red-brown, under surface, than we 
notice in Borneo specimens. Natuna Islands. — repetitus Btlr. was founded upon a certain, rare and deviating repetitus. 
reform from Sarawak, with a whitish band-like brightening of the anterior median part of the forewings. The 
other GG °f the po£ya?em-ramification from Borneo, which in some places occur in large numbers, belong to 
those two types of habitus and colours we have already mentioned from the Malayan peninsula and from 
Sumatra. The most common are relatively small which replace acolus, with an almost coherent band of 
