736 CHARAXES. By H. Frtthstorfer. 
meridiona- Type from Simbang in the Huon Golf. —- meridionalis R. and J. from the Milne Bay, flying time December till 
lls - March, has a considerably differentiated $. Compared with the $ of stephanus from Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen 
of my collection, the forewings have a distinctly defined, paler yellowish-brown distal zone with much smaller, 
more isolated black marginal spots. The submarginal band extremely thickened. Hindwing with more reduced 
black tears. Under surface lighter yellow with a more extensive brown-yellow submarginal zone of the hind- 
Icto. wings. — - leto R. and J. is the most closely allied to gigantea, though it shows a darkened under surface, as an 
influence of the insular melanism. D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Goodenough and Fergusson, very rare, only one 
layardi. $ of each discovered hitherto. — layardi Btlr. originally described from New-Pomerania, occurs also in the 
other islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. very similar to the $ of stephanus , but the submarginal spots 
of the upper surface of the hindwings more isolated. $ beneath paler than in the other races of the principal 
(liana, island of New Guinea. —- diana R. and J., an excellent insular race from New Hannover, only 1 (J, 2 $$ found 
hitherto. $ prominent by two broad, whitish longitudinal bands of the forewings traversing as far as to the 
inner margin. Hindwing darker brown than in the $ of stephanus , with nearly again as extensive, oblong intra¬ 
nerval spots. Under surface with predominant blue-violet bands and a bluish-white median band of the hind- 
wings. $ approximating that of latona, but beneath considerably darkened. 
C. marmax, a continental Indian species, distributed from Sikkim to Tonkin and by way of Birina 
as far as to the Malayan Peninsula. above light red-brown with a narrow black marginal zone. Distal from 
the cell-end a black crescent and before the cell-apex a black spot. The wedge-shaped submarginal spots of 
the hindwings are united to a loose band, marmax varies according to the season. Specimens from Sikkim 
of March—April are small, pale yellowish-brown, above with a reduced series of spots of the hindwings in both 
sexes. Beneath blurred, monotonous and pale ochre-yellow, often without any trace of longitudinal bands or 
dark patches. Specimens of the same country of the Monsun period of June and July are larger, covered broader 
with black. Under surface in both sexes variegated with red-brown, lilac and white patches. From Assam, 
wherefrom I have no I also possess $$ with extreme dry period colours and such with pronounced rainy 
marmax. period colours. We figure of marmax Westw. (136 b) a ^ of the dry period from Sikkim. — philopator subsp. 
philopator. nov _ j collected three near Chiem-Hoa (Tonkin) in August—September. Pavie found the race near Luang- 
Prabang. The eastern melanism is distinctly noticeable by broadened black margins of the upper surface and 
philosarcus. a darkened, more variegated under surface. — philosarcus subsp. nov. inhabits the Malayan Peninsula and is 
the absolute contrary of the preceding race owing to its extremely pale upper surface and reduced black mar¬ 
gins. Malayan Peninsula, types in the Tring Museum. 
C. aristogiton has above the black spotting at the cell-apex and distal from the cell-end in common 
with marmax ; the marginal area, especially also that of the hindwings, is more extensively covered with black. 
Forewing besides characterized by a red-brown submarginal band dissolving the distal margin into two 
unequal parallel bands. In the rainy period form, the proximal one of these two black bands increases 
in extent, and the red-brown intercalar band decreases in extent towards the East. Like in marmax, 
the under surface of the winter-form is blurred, almost unicolorous, in the generation of the rainy period 
somewhat more variegated. Especially the submarginal band of the hindwings grows more extensive and 
the point of the apex of the forewings more distinctly white. Occurrence like in marmax, though aristogiton 
aristogiton. has not yet been reported from the Malayan Peninsula. — aristogiton Fldr. (136 d) has, in the dry period 
form, sometimes a still more distinct yellow distal margin than our figure of a from Sikkim. $ lies before 
me only from Assam. It is considerably larger than the $ and differs from the marmax -$ from Sikkim 
by more fused anteterminal spots of the forewing being united to a more pronounced band. The median 
and anal ocelli of the hindwings considerably reduced. Under surface more uniform, darker red-brown with 
more sharply pronounced blue-black submarginal stripes. $ common in Sikkim beside Ch. marmax ; £ extre- 
dcsa. mely rare. — desa Moore was founded on large specimens of a magnificent dry period form, with an uncom¬ 
monly light yellow upper surface appearing, however, costally covered more prominently with black than 
adanlsoni. in specimens from Sikkim. — adamsotli Moore is a darkened extreme winter form, collected in February in 
Upper Tenasserim, with an almost obsolete black sub marginal line of the forewings, desa was found near Moolai, 
peridoneus. Upper Tenasserim at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 m. — peridoneus subsp. nov. is proved here as a novelty for 
Tonkin. In the Tring Museum there are 11 <$$ which I collected in Chiem-Hoa (August—September), in my 
collection another <§ from Than—Mai (June—July). $ of the Monsun period above darker brown than the 
$ of the rainy period from Sikkim, with nearly obsolete red-brown band of the forewings. The black spot distal 
from the cell is absent (maybe only individually). Under surface more variegated. Forewing intensely red- 
brown with bright yellow-patches in the median region of both wings. The submarginal band of the hind¬ 
wings more irregular, more extensive and lighter red-brown. The bluisli-white intranerval crescents more 
pronounced. 
kahruba. C. kahruba Moore (136b,c) resembles above Ch. marmax, but beneath it is the most easily distinguish¬ 
able from the other yellowish-brown Charaxes by the bright red-brown bands and whitish or greyish-violet 
submarginal stripes of both wings. The $ is but little lighter than the $ and above hardly separable from the 
marmax-^. (136b), but the black transcellular spots of the forewings of kahruba are somewhat less distinct. 
Beneath paler yellow than the with a more extensive yellow distal zone of the hindwings. kahruba goes 
in North India further to the west than marmax and aristogiton und was observed even in the Kumaon-Himalaya 
