48 
PINGASA. By L. B. Prout. 
subviridis. P. subviridis Warr. is also green, but more olivaceous, more variegated, partly white in the central 
area, abdominal margin of hindwing sprinkled with reddish. Cell-spot of forewing large, dull green. Underside 
with the broad borders deep purple, the yellow at base moderately extended. Described from the Khasis, known 
also from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, but always rare. 
subpurpu- P. subpurpurea Warr. (5h). Rather smaller than subviridis, much paler, the cell-mark narrow, though 
rea - elongate. Underside nearly as in subviridis, the borders in the <$ scarcely so broad, the proximal yellow colouring 
rather less strong, in the $ a good deal restricted. Borneo, scarce; also from the Philippines in Coll. Wileman. 
A worn $ from Sula Besi, in Mus. Tring seems to agree perfectly. 
venusta. P. venusta Warr. (5 e). A striking species, on account of its golden-brown or reddish-brown colouring, 
with narrow white, grey-sprinkled median area, bounded by rather thick black lines. N. India. New Guinea 
specimens, though rather large and brightly coloured, differ so little that it has not yet been thought necessary 
to name them. The species has also been found on Borneo and Ceram. 
lariaria. P. lariaria Walk. (= irrorataria Moore, paulinaria Pagenst.) (5 e). This large species, which was long 
erroneously identified with chlora Stoll, differs from all the others in its very deeply dentate postmedian line. 
The face is sharply black in its 11 pper part, pale in its lower. Described from Sarawak, but common in N. India 
and the Malay Peninsula, Nias, Java, etc., and again in New Guinea. 
manilensis. P. manilensis Prout resembles lariaria, but is smaller, perhaps shorter-winged, the teeth in the post- 
median line less long, less blackened at their tips, the face above light brown, not black. Luzon (type) and 
Mindanao. 
porphyro - P. porphyrochrostes Prout is possibly a race of manilensis but approaches lariaria in size, has a 
chrostcs. brighter, more uniform brown face, cleaner white median area above and dark purple, not black, borders 
beneath, G underside strongly, that of $ feebly, yellow proximally. Central Ceram: Manusela, at 6000 feet. 
Also from Burn. 
aravensis. P. aravensis Prout. A large species, with the face as in lariaria, the distal margin of fore wing slightly 
more rounded, the postmedian line more as in manilensis. Borders beneath broad and very black, but enclosing 
larger white midterminal spots than in the allies. These spots also show clearly on the upperside, where they 
are wanting in lariaria and cpiite ill-defined in the others. Bougainville. Probable races also on New Ireland 
and New Britain, each at present only known from a single example. 
nobilis. P. nobilis Prout (5 cl). Very near the j)receding, but with the distal margin straighter, more as in 
lariaria, the face brown. Recognizable by the cleaner white ground-colour, more deeply coloured borders, 
thicker black lines etc. Midterminal white spots as distinct as in aravensis, but smaller. Mountains of Dutch 
furvifrons. New Guinea, 3000—5000 feet. — furvifrons form, nov., from lower altitudes, scarcely differs except in its darker, 
more black-brown face. British New Guinea: Kumusi River, low elevation, August—September 1907, type 
G and 4 others (Mus. Tring), Haidana, Collingwood Bay, April 1897, 1 $. Also a $ from Upper Setekwa River, 
Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 feet, August 1910. In the Weyland Mountains, at about 2000 feet, both forms 
seem to occur together. 
rufofascia- P. rufofasciata Moore (5 e), A white species, without yellow beneath, the lines much as in porphyro- 
ta - chrostes, the borders above light red, beneath not broad, grey rather than black, shadowy or (except towards 
costa of forewing) more or less obsolete. N. India. 
rubicunda. P. rubicunda Warr. (5 e). Somewhat less roundwinged than rufofasciata, the red borders darker, 
at apex and mid-termen shaded with olive-grey. Postmedian line less bent, narrowing the median area. Underside 
with yellow base and broad black borders. N. India, the type from the Khasis. A similar form occurs on Mt. 
tapungka- Gedeh, Java. — tapungkanana Strand (= sapungkanana Prout, err. transcr.) is a rather large race with the 
Tianu. k or( i ers dark purple-grey, the antemedian line more acutely produced behind the 2nd median. Founded on 
a single q from Tapung kanan, Central Sumatra, but the Tring Museum has a perfectly typical pah from the 
Upper Palembang district and the Pratts obtained a variable series on Mt. Korintji. Similar forms occur on 
Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, etc. 
ruginaria. P. ruginaria Guen. (= perfectaria Walk., nyctemerata Walk.) (5d, f) is a common and well-known species 
in India, Malaya and the Greater Sunda Islands. The outward curve in the middle of the postmedian line 
andamani- distinguishes it at once from the similarly coloured tapungkunana. — andamanica Prout is a form from the 
ca • Andamans, with the distal borders more deeply and uniformly coloured, dark reddish, the subterminal line 
almost obsolete. — Throughout Africa and Madagascar other races occur, which are dealt with in Vol. 16. — 
